High-resolution lattice image observations were made of dislocations and deformation twins, introduced by mechanical grinding, in TiO2 and SnO2 crystals having the rutile structure. Dislocations with a Burgers vector of b = [101] were dissociated into two halves on the (101) plane, while those with b = [001] were not dissociated. Edge dislocations with b = [100] were found to be dissociated, on the (101) plane, into a sessile type via the reaction,

[100]  ½[101] + ½[101]

These results were consistent with the relative activities of different slip systems in rutile crystals. An effect of the image force on splitting of dislocations near to the foil edge was also observed. Lattice images of {101} twin boundaries were compared with the proposed model structure of the boundary. Penetration of a twin through an intersecting twin was observed.

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Lattice Defects in TiO2 and SnO2. Suzuki, K., Ichihara, M., Takeuchi, S.: Philosophical Magazine A, 1991, 63[4], 657-65