Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine rutile single crystals grown by using the Verneuil method. Thin foils were prepared from bulk specimens by ion-bombardment thinning. When observations were made of as-grown samples, it was found that the density of dislocations was very low and that their Burgers vector was [001]. Samples deformed by compression were also studied. Most of the dislocations observed in the active {101}<101> systems formed long linear arrays of edge character; commonly arranged in dipoles. No obvious evidence was found for dissociation of the edge dislocations.
Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of Deformed Rutile (TiO2). Blanchin, M.G., Fontaine, G.: Physica Status Solidi A, 1975, 29[2], 491-501