The effects of potassium implantation in rutile were studied by means of optical absorption measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Optical results indicated that potassium particles established chemical bonds with oxygen atoms of the matrix. These chemical reactions were correlated with the creation of intrinsic defects TI3+. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that planar defects of (¯101) type were created in the implanted region. Dark-field methods showed that planar defects were decorated by precipitates which gave displacement fringes. Interplanar distances deduced from extra spots in the diffraction pattern did not correspond to metallic potassium and ordinary potassium oxides.

Evidence of Extended Defects and Precipitates in TiO2 Implanted with Potassium. Guermazi, M., Thevenard, P., Treilleux, M., Dupuy, C.H.S.: Materials Research Bulletin, 1980, 15[1], 147-54