Electron diffraction and multi-beam lattice imaging were used to study crystallographic shear structures in V-doped rutile at 1373 to 1873K. Microstructural observations at 1873K revealed crystals which had a cellular twin morphology. The twin domains were usually of irregular size and formed ordered superlattices in (0kl) [k = l + 1, l = 1, 2, 3, …] orientations with a variable periodicity. Superstructures along (020), with sinusoidal modulated crystallographic shear structures with a variable amplitude (1 to 3nm) and wavelength (5 to 25nm), were also observed. Some crystals, apparently of rutile type, exhibited regions having complex extended microstructural defects. These were formed mainly of dislocations and twin planes at a resolution level of about 0.25nm. At 1373K, these materials transformed into well-known (hkl) = p(121) + q(011) crystallographic shear structures.

Otero-Diaz, L.C., Alario-Franco, M.A.: Crystal Lattice Defects and Amorphous Materials, 1987, 16[1-4], 371-7