The addition of iron to high-area TiO2 (Degussa P25, a mixture of anatase and rutile) increased the number of oxygen defect sites that reacted with O2 to form peroxide and super-oxide species. In the presence of gold nanoclusters on the TiO2 surface, the super-oxide species became highly reactive, and the activity of the supported gold catalyst for CO oxidation was approximately twice that of the most active comparable catalysts described in the literature. Images of the catalyst obtained by scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with spectra of the catalyst measured in the working state (Raman, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure) indicate strong interactions of gold with the support and the presence of iron near the interfaces between the gold clusters and the TiO2 support. The high activity of the catalysts was attributed to the presence of defects in these sites that activate oxygen.

Increasing the Number of Oxygen Vacancies on TiO2 by Doping with Iron Increases the Activity of Supported Gold for CO Oxidation. Carrettin, S., Hao, Y., Aguilar-Guerrero, V., Gates, B.C., Trasobares, S., Calvino, J.J., Corma, A.: Chemistry, 2007, 13[27], 7771-9