Transformation of the (110) surface, from (1 x 1) to (1 x 2), was investigated by using electron-stimulated desorption ion angular distribution and low-energy electron diffraction techniques. It was found that the pattern of O+ ion emission normal to the surface, from (1 x 1), changed to 2 off-normal lobes after transformation to (1 x 2). This reflected a distinct change in the bonding configuration of the O anion species at the surface. It was concluded that these results provided strong evidence in favor of an interface with added Ti2O3 rows.

Surface Structure of (1x2) Reconstructed TiO2(110) Studied using Electron Stimulated Desorption Ion Angular Distribution. Guo, Q., Cocks, I., Williams, E.M.: Physical Review Letters, 1996, 77[18], 3851-4