It was recalled that crystals with a wurtzite-type structure had polar surfaces, (00•1) and (00•¯1), which were terminated by Zn and O, respectively. Atomic force microscopic observations showed that step/terrace structures were formed on the (00•1) and (00•¯1) surfaces, in which the step-height was usually equal to half of the lattice parameter. The ionic arrangement of the surfaces was determined by means of coaxial impact-collision ion-scattering spectroscopy. The spectra had a periodicity of 60º for azimuth angle dependence. By analyzing the spectra, it was shown that the (00•1) and (00•¯1) surfaces had a single dangling bond and that no ionic distortion occurred.

Surface Structure of ZnO Single Crystals Analyzed by Ion Scattering Spectroscopy. Maki, H., Ichinose, N., Sekiguchi, S., Ohashi, N., Nishihara, T., Haneda, H., Tanaka, J.: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics - 1, 1999, 38[5A], 2741-4