Ion scattering spectroscopy was used to determine surface concentrations after sputtering. The diffusivity of O-free high-conductivity Cu was described by:

D (cm2/s) = 3.3 x 10-1 exp[-49.4(kcal/mol)/RT]

J.W.Pugh, R.F.Hehemann, D.J.Diederich: Metallurgical Transactions A, 1980, 11[12], 2036-8

The best linear fits to the solute diffusion data ([678] to [681], [693] to [703], [717] to [722], [725] to [727], [730] to [733], [736] to [739], [756] to [758]) yield:

Ag: Ln[Do] = 0.38E – 18 (R2 = 0.86); Cu: Ln[Do] = 0.44E – 22 (R2 = 0.77);

In: Ln[Do] = 0.50E – 22.8 (R2 = 0.99); O(l): Ln[Do] = 0.26E – 8.4 (R2 = 0.79);

Zn: Ln[Do] = 0.29E – 14.4 (R2 = 0.87)