Scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy were used for investigating the electronic and topographic properties of carbon nanotubes. Scanning tunneling microscopy data permitted the accurate study of perfect tubules. One approach to the interpretation and prediction of scanning tunneling microscopic and scanning tunneling spectroscopic observations was used to simulate the topographic and spectroscopic signatures of pentagons and heptagons and contributed to their identification.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Topological Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. V.Meunier, P.Lambin: Carbon, 2000, 38[11], 1729-33