Kinetic lattice Monte Carlo simulations were made of vacancy-assisted self-diffusion in germanium below the melting point. It was shown that effective migration energies differed greatly from the migration energy of a free vacancy, which was calculated for a system with a low vacancy concentration. Vacancies agglomerated in clusters and free vacancies were dissociated from clusters at above 657C. The nucleation temperatures of vacancy clustering in germanium were estimated to be 617 to 657C. Below 617C, there were a few remaining free vacancies for low concentrations. In that case the effective migration energy of 0.17eV coincided closely with the migration energy derived from previous theoretical calculations for low vacancy concentrations. The effective migration energy of 1.17eV above 657C also closely coincided with that measured in previous experiments.

Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo Simulation Study on Vacancy Diffusion in Germanium. J.W.Kang, O.K.Kwon, Y.G.Choi: Current Applied Physics, 2009, 9[2], e25-8