The effects of Cu on stacking-fault energy, dislocation slip, mechanical twinning and strain hardening in Fe-20Mn-1.3C twinning-induced plasticity steels were systematically investigated. The stacking-fault energy was increased at the rate of 2mJ/m2wt%Cu. The Fe-20Mn-1.3C-3Cu steel exhibited superior tensile properties, with the ultimate tensile strength being 2.27GPa and the elongation up to 96.9%; due to the high strain-hardening that occurred.

Strain Hardening Associated with Dislocation, Deformation Twinning, and Dynamic Strain Aging in Fe-20Mn-1.3C-(3Cu) TWIP Steels. L.Zhao, D.Zhu, L.Liu, Z.Hu, M.Wang: Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2014, 27[4], 601-8