The stacking-fault energy was determined in high-manganese twinning-induced plasticity steels, using neutron diffraction. Significant contributions of deformation-induced stacking faults to the peak position shifts for successive orders of diffraction, such as (111) and (222), were quantitatively correlated with the stacking-fault probability and the stacking-fault energy. The results showed that the stacking-fault energy considerably increased, from 17 to 37mJ/m2, as the Al content was increased from 0 to 2wt% in the Fe-18Mn-0.6C TWIP alloy system.

Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Stacking Fault Energy in Fe-18Mn-2Al-0.6C Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steels. M.Kang, W.Woo, Y.K.Lee, B.S.Seong: Materials Letters, 2012, 76, 93-5