Large faulted dislocation loops, prismatic dislocation loops and stacking-fault tetrahedra were observed in quenched zone-refined nickel. An estimate (160mJ/m2) was made of the stacking-fault energy on the basis of the size of stacking-fault tetrahedra in a series of deformed Ni-Co alloys, and the nature of the defects observed in quenched nickel was shown to be consistent with this value.

The Nature of Defects in Quenched Nickel. P.Humble, M.H.Loretto, L.M.Clarebrough: Philosophical Magazine, 1967, 15[134], 297-303