The major features of the images of dislocation dipoles obtained by two-beam electron microscopy permitted dipoles to be identified and distinguished from other defects. The positions of stable equilibrium of dipoles in various fcc and bcc materials were derived using linear anisotropic elasticity. The stacking-fault energy of Ni was estimated to be 79mJ/m2.

Dislocation Dipoles in Elastically Anisotropic Crystals. C.T.Forwood, P.Humble: Australian Journal of Physics, 1970. 23[5], 697-718