The electromigration wind force in various Al alloys was predicted by using a Green's function method to calculate the electronic structure. The effect of the environment of the jumping atoms was studied in detail in Al-Cu. Alloys of Al with 3d and 4sp alloying elements were studied systematically in order to investigate the relationship between the electronic state of the alloying atom and the wind force. It was shown that the wind force on an Al host atom could be considerably affected by the presence of an alloying atom at particular positions near to the jump path. This was considered to represent an additional contribution to the well-known decelerating effect of some alloying elements upon electromigration in Al.

Calculation of the Electromigration Wind Force in Al Alloys. J.P.Dekker, P.Gumbsch, E.Arzt, A.Lodder: Physical Review B, 1999, 59[11], 7451-7