Double-implantation of N and B into austenitic stainless steel was used to enhance the beneficial effects of N implantation alone. The N was implanted using plasma immersion ion implantation, while the B was implanted later using a conventional implanter. The effects of B implantation were deduced by a comparison with expanded austenite samples which had been annealed for the same period as that used for the B implantation. No significant B diffusion was detected, whereas the pre-implanted N exhibited additional diffusion during the B implantation.

Nitrogen and Boron Implantation into Austenitic Stainless Steel. S.Mändl, R.Günzel, E.Richter, W.Möller: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 1999, 17[2], 832-6