The evolution of dislocation structures and vacancy voids in stainless steels at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700C, during irradiation with electrons, neutrons or Kr ions up to damage levels of 200dpa was studied. It was shown that the number of voids which formed in stainless steels that were exposed to bombardment with high-energy particles could be reduced by producing a high density of direct and indirect point-defect sinks; in the form of a/γ phase boundaries and dispersed intermetallics (γ' or a' phases in face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic steels, respectively).

The Structural Evolution of New Low-Activation and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steels under High-Dose Irradiation. V.V.Sagaradze, S.S.Lapin, B.N.Goshchitskii, M.A.Kirk: Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1998, 258-263, 1675-80