The dislocations that existed in single crystals which had been grown by using the Czochralski technique were studied by means of etching. Data were collected concerning the solubility of the crystals as a function of face orientation, temperature and etchant. The investigation of etch pits in twinned crystals showed that the twins formed during growth. In the [110] NdGaO3 crystals, a discrepancy between the twin and matrix parts of the crystal was accommodated by dislocation congestion and dislocation low-angle boundaries. Micro-cracks achieved this same effect in [010] AlYO3 crystals.

Etching Figures in Neodymium Gallate and Yttrium Aluminate Crystals. D.I.Savytskii, A.O.Matkovskii, I.M.Solskii, F.Wallrafen, A.Suchocki, L.O.Vasylechko, S.B.Ubizskii: Crystal Research and Technology, 2000, 35[2], 197-205