In order to investigate the conductivity, below 400C, in high-temperature oxide-ion conductors, impedance spectra were determined at frequencies ranging from 20Hz to 1MHz. The conductivity relaxation phenomena which were observed were explained in terms of the electric modulus formula. The relaxation frequencies were found to exhibit Arrhenius-type behavior, and the activation energies were in good agreement with those obtained by means of high-temperature conductivity measurements.

S.Takai, N.Kohno, T.Esaka: Materials Research Bulletin, 1998, 33[6], 945-53