The current state of knowledge concerning the characteristics of defects in ceramic materials was reviewed with regard to the fundamental properties of atomic defects (atomic configuration and recombination volume of a Frenkel pair, displacement threshold energy and migration energy of point defects), the characteristic behavior of the nucleation and growth process of defect clusters (in terms of the characteristics of ceramic materials), and the effects of deposition energy density (electronic excitation and/or low-energy knock-ons) upon the structure and the stability of microstructures.

Characteristics of Defects in Ceramic Materials. C.Kinoshita: Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 1999, 148[1-4], 63