It was noted that the {131} non-dislocated grain boundary would not slide without the aid of local grain-boundary dislocations, and that the introduction of extrinsic grain-boundary dislocations tended to lower the sliding resistance by several orders of magnitude; as compared to that of a non-dislocated grain boundary.

Effect of Grain Boundary Dislocations on the Sliding Resistance of Σ11 Grain Boundaries in Aluminum R.J.Kurtz, R.G.Hoagland: Scripta Materialia, 1998, 39[4-5], 653-9