https://www.scientific.net/EH Latest Results for Engineering Headway en-us https://www.scientific.net https://www.scientific.net/Image/JournalCover/41 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.-1 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br /> <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.3 10.4028/p-Hnl5dy Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Rahmat Iman Mainil, Juntriman Harefa, Annisa Wulan Sari, Anita Susilawati, Afdhal Kurniawan Mainil, Apip Amrullah, Obie Farobie, Azridjal Aziz <br />The co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste offers a promising pathway for renewable fuel production and sustainable waste management. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated to evaluate the influence of temperature and blending ratio on product distribution. Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch reactor at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 °C with a fixed 50:50 blending ratio, and at 500 °C with varying ratios of EFB:PP (75:25, 50:50, 25:75). The results demonstrated that temperature strongly influenced product yields, with bio-oil production reaching its maximum at 500–550 °C. However, 500 °C was identified as the most favorable condition, providing high bio-oil yield more than 45% while minimizing secondary cracking and excessive gas formation. The blending ratio also played a significant role, with the 50:50 mixture producing the highest liquid yield (46.54%) due to synergistic interactions between hydrogen-rich PP and oxygen-rich EFB, which enhanced radical stabilization and suppressed char formation. At higher PP proportions, gas yields increased substantially, whereas pure PP produced high bio-oil (52.7%) with minimal char but elevated gas fractions. A comparative analysis with literature confirmed the strong influence of feedstock composition, reactor configuration, and operating conditions on product selectivity. Overall, the findings highlight that co-pyrolysis of EFB and PP at 500 °C and a 50:50 blending ratio provides an optimum balance for maximizing bio-oil production, offering a viable strategy for integrating biomass and plastic waste valorization into renewable energy pathways. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.11 10.4028/p-T313fT Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Apip Amrullah, Arifah Pagis, Gymnasti Firda Rahmani, Obie Farobie, Agus Susanto, Rahmat Iman Mainil <br />The increasing energy demand and environmental challenges associated with fossil fuel use highlight the need for renewable alternatives, with algal biomass offering promise due to its abundance, rapid growth, and carbon-neutral profile. While catalytic pyrolysis using ZSM-5 has shown potential in enhancing biofuel yield and quality, studies integrating process optimization for algae waste remain scarce. This research addresses this gap by investigating the catalytic pyrolysis of algae waste and optimizing operational parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). It was hypothesized that optimizing reaction temperature and catalyst loading would significantly improve product selectivity and yield. Experimental runs were designed using a central composite design (CCD), where algae waste was pyrolyzed at 400–600 °C with 4–6 wt% ZSM-5 catalyst. Product yields were quantified and analyzed through GC/MS, and statistical modeling was applied to evaluate parameter interactions. The results revealed that temperature and catalyst concentration strongly influenced product distribution, with bio-oil yields peaking at 15.77% around 475 °C and 5 wt% catalyst, while biochar and gas yields reached 32.39% and 55.89% under optimized conditions. The predictive models showed strong reliability (R2 &gt; 0.9), confirming their suitability for guiding process optimization. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of converting algae waste into valuable fuels and materials through catalytic pyrolysis, offering insights for scaling up algae-based biofuel technologies and contributing to sustainable energy development. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.21 10.4028/p-Q3nDfu Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Teguh Suprianto, Darmansyah Darmansyah, Abdul Rajab <br />The increasing demand for clean and sustainable solid fuels has drawn attention to biomass briquettes as an alternative energy source. This study investigates the synergistic effect of mineral–organic interaction on the thermal stability and combustion characteristics of Meranti wood briquettes. Four briquette formulations were prepared: control (Meranti wood + 10% starch binder), and samples with additional eggshell powder at 0.5% and 1%, as well as limestone at 1%. Proximate analysis, calorific value measurement, and thermal analysis (TGA–DTA) were conducted to evaluate fuel properties. The results revealed that the addition of eggshell significantly reduced volatile matter (from 34.37% in the control to 27.06% at 1% addition), increased fixed carbon (up to 61.92%), and moderately raised ash content. Thermal analysis indicated a remarkable shift in decomposition onset from ~349 °C (control) to ~452 °C (+1% eggshell), suggesting improved char stability and delayed volatile release. In contrast, limestone addition drastically increased ash content (28.6%) and decreased calorific value (3956 cal/g), indicating poor suitability. The findings confirm that small additions of eggshell act as a mineral stabilizer, enhancing thermal stability and reducing soot formation while maintaining acceptable energy density. The synergistic role of calcium-rich additives and organic binder presents a promising approach to improving the combustion quality of biomass briquettes. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.31 10.4028/p-KfIt9e Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Yusvardi Yusuf, Imron Rosyadi, Pitri Galih Suganda, Chaeruly Abdullah <br />This study aims to enhance hydrogen-rich syngas production through the development of a Ni-Fe/zeolite catalyst derived from natural zeolite obtained in Bayah, Banten Province. Natural zeolite was selected due to its abundance, availability, and favorable physicochemical properties, including high surface area and Brønsted acidity, which make it an effective catalyst support. Nickel (Ni) was employed for its ability to cleave hydrocarbon bonds and decompose tar, while iron (Fe), which is inexpensive and abundant, was utilized for its role in facilitating water-gas shift reactions. The interaction between Ni and Fe as bimetallic catalysts offers a promising area for improving gasification performance. The novelty of this research lies in investigating the synergistic effects between the Ni-Fe/ZA catalyst and the thermal degradation behavior of rice husk biomass, a feedstock widely available in Indonesia with high cellulose and hemicellulose content, low lignin, and favorable porosity. The experimental procedure consisted of catalyst preparation, raw material and catalyst characterization using proximate and ultimate analyses, BET, XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and GC-MS. Results showed that acid-modified zeolite impregnated with Ni and Fe enhanced hydrogen-rich syngas yield while reducing tar and char formation during the gasification process, demonstrating the potential of rice husk as a sustainable feedstock for biomass gasification. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.43 10.4028/p-9yB8iV Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Yusri Yusri, Mega Nur Sasongko, Widya Wijayanti <br />This study investigates the thermal distribution characteristics during the pyrolysis of mahogany wood biomass in conjunction with a zeolite catalyst, utilizing a packed bed reactor modelled through ANSYS thermal transient software. The simulations were conducted at various temperatures, specifically 523 K, 623 K, and 823 K, with a consistent heating rate of 800 K/hour over 120 minutes. Our findings reveal that zeolite significantly outperforms mahogany wood in thermal efficiency, demonstrating faster, more uniform, and stable heating across the reactor volume. In contrast, mahogany biomass experiences delays in reaching optimal temperatures, particularly at lower settings. The disparity in thermal performance between the two materials becomes more pronounced with increasing temperatures. These results underscore the effectiveness of zeolite catalysts in not only expediting the attainment of pyrolysis temperatures but also improving heating efficiency and uniformity. This study positions zeolite as a promising catalyst for enhancing the performance and sustainability of biomass pyrolysis reactors, offering valuable insights for optimizing industrial applications. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.59 10.4028/p-Hc2Q1K Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Mentari Rasyid, Sudjito Sudjito, Nurkholis Hamidy, Widya Wijayanti <br />Eucalyptus oil is a type of essential oil primarily composed of 1,8-cineole, which influences its quality and commercial significance. Examining how the source of the eucalyptus leaf raw material affects the yield and chemical properties of eucalyptus oil extracted by the hydrodistillation process is the goal of this study. Eight settlements with different soil types and elevations on Buru Island in Maluku Province provided eucalyptus leaves for collection. All samples were extracted using the hydrodistillation method under consistent operating conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the oil's chemical composition, and total yield and recovery were used to analyze oil yield. Based on observations of the extracted oil's visual properties, the 1,8-cineole content was determined to be the primary eucalyptus oil quality measure. The study's findings demonstrate that, while using the same extraction technique, local leaf sources differ in terms of eucalyptus oil output and quality. 1,8-cineole was the predominant constituent in the entire oil sample, with changes in content between locations suggesting possible variances in quality. A few samples had 1,8-cineole level that was within or near the Indonesian National Standard's (SNI) acceptable quality range. This discovery directly affects conventional and small-scale eucalyptus oil production and demonstrates that the source of raw materials has a significant role in determining the quality of eucalyptus oil. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.75 10.4028/p-EKY0fG Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): I. Made Suarta, Adi Winarta, Agus Dwi Korawan, I. Putu Wijaya Sunu, M. Yusuf <br />Fuel characteristics are the most important thing in the combustion process. Fuel characteristics are influenced by the composition of the mixture, the molecular structure of the mixture formed, the calorific value and the evaporation temperature of the fuel. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of isooctane fuel after being mixed with n-heptane and eugenol additives. This study was conducted by mixing isooctane fuel with n-heptane, at a composition of 92%v Isooctane and 8%v n-Heptane. The mixture was added with eugenol additives. Analysis tests were carried out on the molecular structure, calorific value, evaporation rate, octane number. Experimental tests were carried out to test the combustion rate. The test results were analyzed on the molecular structure. The test results showed that there was no interaction between isooctane, n-heptane and eugenol molecules. Based on these results, it was concluded that eugenol was able to increase the calorific value of isooctane-based fuel at a mixture composition of 1%v eugenol. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.81 10.4028/p-Xp7o4r Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Lia Fitriyati, Widya Wijayanti, Mega Nur Sasongko <br />The increasing worldwide demand for energy is driving the search for less harmful alternatives to fossil fuels. In Indonesia, the plentiful palm oil resources position fatty acid methyl ester generated from crude palm oil (CPO-FAME) as a viable low-carbon alternative to traditional diesel. Due to the crucial influence of microscale combustion phenomena on ignition behavior and burn stability, it is imperative to undertake controlled single-droplet tests to isolate the impacts of fuel additives. This study investigates the efficacy of d-limonene as a bioadditive to improve the performance of CPO-FAME. Seven fuel mixes, containing d-limonene at concentrations from 0 to 20% v/v, were examined using a stabilized single-droplet combustion apparatus. The maximum temperature of the flame, ignition delay (ID), burning time (BT), droplet lifetime (DL), and the burning-rate constant (Kc) were determined by utilizing high-speed imaging at 50 frames per second and a thermocouple type K connected to a data logger. Non-linear responses were seen in the results: the ID was shortest at 5% (4.75 s vs 5.25 s baseline), and the flame temperature increased from 513°C (0%) to 602°C (10% v/v). DL increased from 16.25 s (0%) to 19.5 s (20%), and BT dropped to 8.25 s at 3% before increasing at deeper concentrations. At 5%, Kc peaked at 0.17 s-1, plateaued at 10–15%, and then climbed to 0.19 s-1 at 20%, but with an unstable flame. Stable flames between 5 and 10% and soot with micro explosions above 15% were verified by visualization. In conclusion, moderate d-limonene loadings lead to improved ignition and flame stability, while large concentrations are detrimental. To improve biodiesel performance, the additive formulation must be managed. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.91 10.4028/p-pKso4D Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Achmad Aminudin, Abdur Rahman, Nanang Romandoni, Farid Majedi, Deni Nur Fauzi, Ahmad Yusril Aminullah <br />The fossil fuels depletion and its environmental impacts encourages the development and utilization of biodiesel as renewable fuels. Optimatization of engine operational parameter is needed to obtained cleaner combustion. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 190, 200, and 210 MPa injection pressure on Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions using B50 and B55 fuel mixtures at various engine speed (1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm). The results showed that injection pressure increase significantly improved engine performance and reduced emissions. Maximum power increased by 12.59% at 210 MPa compared to 190 MPa at 78.4 HP using B50, while torque increased from 177.6 Nm to 204.2 Nm. B55 fuels shows maximum power reaching 88.9 HP and maximum torque of 203.7 Nm at 210 MPa. Exhaust emissions decline as injection pressure increases. B55 fuel opacity emission decreases from 7.5% (190 MPa) to 6.3% (210 MPa), B50 also shows similar behaviour. This study reveals that injection pressure increase gives better performance and reduced emissions in diesel engines fueled by palm oil biodiesel blends. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.105 10.4028/p-lKsp5B Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): M. Fendy Kussuma Hadi Sufyan, Raka Mahendra Sulistiyo, Sutarsis Sutarsis, Lutfi Dwi Hernawan, Danu Prasetyo, Fahrul Ardian Firmanda Kussuma <br />Energy is a fundamental necessity that underpins numerous aspects of life for Indonesian society and, indeed, worldwide. The global energy crisis underscores the urgency of finding environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative energy sources to replace the reliance on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels account for 80% of global energy needs, yet they pose environmental impacts and are a finite resource. One promising renewable energy source with the potential for development due to its environmental friendliness is the fuel cell. However, a drawback of fuel cells lies in the use of precious metals (platinum) as membranes, which are expensive and have limited availability on Earth. This research aims to determine the characteristics of the best activated carbon derived from the pyrolysis of corn cobs and cassava stems as carbon for membrane fuel cell catalysts. Through physical activation via slow pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor, the utilisation of this biomass waste is expected to be an innovative solution to reduce the production costs of membrane fuel cells while also promoting the development of more affordable clean energy. This research employs an experimental method by conducting pyrolysis of cassava stem and corn cob biomass with variations in temperature and residence time. The temperature variations for corn cob pyrolysis were 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C, with residence times of 30 minutes and 60 minutes, while for cassava stem pyrolysis, the temperature variations were 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C, with residence times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes. The resulting carbon was then subjected to proximate analysis to determine its fixed carbon content. Based on the proximate analysis results for corn cob waste, the temperature variation of 500°C with a residence time of 60 minutes yielded the highest fixed carbon content at 74.35%, whereas for cassava stems, the best variation was obtained at a temperature of 400°C and a residence time of 30 minutes, producing the highest fixed carbon content 72.94%, thus showing potential as a support material for fuel cell catalysts. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.115 10.4028/p-aT93LY Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Yepy Komaril Sofi‘i, Achmad Fauzan Hery Soegiharto, Mulyono Mulyono, Roro Heni Hendaryati, Sahal Nidaul Niam, Willy Satrio Nugroho <br />The design of flow field geometry plays a crucial role in determining the performance and efficiency of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), particularly in optimizing hydrogen distribution and minimizing pressure losses. This study presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of three flow field configurations of serpentine, parallel, and pin-type using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental validation under identical boundary conditions. The flow behavior, pressure, and hydrogen distribution were numerically analyzed, while voltage retention time was measured experimentally to assess fuel cell performance. Results indicate that the serpentine configuration achieved the highest uniformity index (UI = 0.92), due to its continuous and tortuous flow path, which promoted complete hydrogen coverage and minimized stagnation zones. The parallel and pin-type configurations exhibited lower UI values (0.75 and 0.83) and non-uniform gas distribution, leading to early voltage decay. Experimentally, the serpentine flow field sustained a voltage above 0.2 V for 3.00 minutes, significantly longer than the parallel (1.00 minute) and pin-type (0.43 minute) designs. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA confirmed the significance of these differences (p &lt; 0.001). The strong correlation between simulation and experimental findings reinforces the importance of flow field optimization in PEMFC systems. This study highlights the superiority of the serpentine configuration in enhancing hydrogen utilization and operational stability, offering validated insights for developing high-performance PEMFCs in future hydrogen energy applications. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.131 10.4028/p-Ltn8Cx Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Langgeng Asmoro, Inayatul Inayah, Maman Budiman, Rudy Hermawan, Mitra Djamal <br />Accurate vehicle-type classification is pivotal in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for traffic monitoring, adaptive signal control, and automated tolling. We present a machine-learning approach that predicts vehicle categories from magnetic induction loop signal signatures, with a specific emphasis on early heavy-vehicle identification to help mitigate road-infrastructure degradation due to overloading. Motivated by Indonesia’s urgent needs in road safety and ODOL (overloading) enforcement, we develop a physics-guided synthetic data generator that simulates loop responses across representative classes under varying speeds, lateral offsets, and noise. We benchmark two models: model A InceptionTime (a strong 1D-CNN baseline) and model B a Physics-Informed TSMixer (PI-TSMixer) that mixes time/channel tokens while injecting physically meaningful cues (distance-domain normalization and axle-pattern hints). On synthetic, stress-tested scenarios, Model B achieves higher macro-F1 and better out-of-distribution robustness than InceptionTime (≈+1.5 pp in-distribution; ≈+4.0 pp OOD), suggesting that lightweight, physics-aware architectures generalize better for loop-based vehicle classification and integrate well with Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) pipelines for Indonesian corridors. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.141 10.4028/p-4ABm49 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Nachnul Ansori, Diana Nur Hanifah, Ida Lumintu <br />The User Interface (UI) plays a critical role in usability. The usability of an information system focuses on how easy the system is to use and its effectiveness. This study aims to redesign the website interface of the academic information system of Universitas Trunojoyo Madura (SIAKAD-UTM). The cognitive walkthrough and eye-tracking analysis methods are proposed to assess the usability before and after improvement. The activities evaluated included the login page (task-1), course information (task-2), study plan card (task-3), study result card (task-4), and transcript (task-5). Thirty-nine students from the Faculty of Engineering participated. The study, based on McNemar's test, shows no difference in the success rate across the entire task. The error indicator did not show any improvement in tasks 2 to 5; however, there was evidence of progress in task 1. In addition, the Wilcoxon test indicated improvements in login activities (task-1), course information (task-2), and study result cards (task-4), although there was no increase in performance in study plan card activities (task-3) or transcripts (task-5). These results indicate that the redesign of UI SIAKAD UTM was effective. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.151 10.4028/p-1zT17A Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Arif Muntasa, Mohamad Imron Mustajib, Sukron Chafidhi, Suwahyu Suwahyu, Abdullah Basuki Rahmat, Muhammad Izzat Salman Adyaksa <br />Welding is a crucial assembly or joining stage in manufacturing processes. The welding process often faces issues related to welding defects due to its complexity, which is associated with welding parameters, the type and properties of materials, and the technology used. Additionally, it also relates to a significant number of welding points. Therefore, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods have become the primary choice for evaluating welding quality without damaging the workpiece. With the advancement of technology, NDT testing has undergone significant changes, including the adoption of computer vision and machine learning technologies that enable automated inspection. This research aims to propose a semi-automated inspection system for welding quality using the YOLOv5 network architecture regarding with defects detection. The detection process involves various combinations of YOLO models (small and medium) with a training dataset of 2050 images and different training epochs (50 and 100). The model's performance is then tested using test data to evaluate its real-world performance. The detection results are also manually verified through one-to-one comparisons, revealing that 16 out of the total 21 predictions are correct. This success is used to measure the accuracy of the YOLOv5 detection system, which shows a detection accuracy rate of 76.2%. Meanwhile, the estimation accuracy results in a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of 16.798%. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.161 10.4028/p-bVU9dl Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Chairayni Agustin, Tsana Cholidah, Iwan Cony Setiadi, Harmami Harmami, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain, Abdul Wafi, Kartika A. Madurani <br />The growing concern over antibiotic residues in the environment and food chain highlights the need for sensitive detection methods. This study reports a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based modification for screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) to improve antibiotic detection. The material was prepared by combining magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with a DES of decanoic acid and 2-pentanol (1:1). This MNP-DES was applied to the SPCE surface by drop-casting. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) from -0.1 to 0.6 V at 100 mV/s. Comparative analysis of unmodified SPCE, MNP-SPCE, and MNP-DES-SPCE showed that DES greatly enhanced the electrochemical response toward oxytetracycline (OTC) as a model antibiotic. The MNP-DES SPCE demonstrated feasibility for antibiotic detection and provides a basis for optimization to lower the detection limit to regulatory levels. This approach offers a novel strategy by exploiting the synergy of MNPs and DES, contributing to electrochemical sensor development for antibiotics. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.171 10.4028/p-WXwar0 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Muslimin Muslimin, Ahmad Fahrudin, Dedy Hendra Jati, Muhammad Prasha Risfi Silitonga, Sugeng Mulyono, Ahmad Fathoni, Djoko Nursanto <br />One of the cement companies in Indonesia has implemented biomass as an alternative fuel in kiln operations. However, the high moisture content of biomass, typically around 30%, often reduces combustion efficiency. This research presents the design of a rotary dryer to reduce biomass moisture content to approximately 10%. The proposed system has a processing capacity of 500 kg/h with main specifications including a drum diameter of 1.26 m, length of 7.56 m, inclination angle of 2.29°, rotational speed of 6 rpm, and a material residence time of around 30 minutes. The total power requirement is estimated at 15 kW with hot air supplied at 150 °C. Heat balance calculations indicated a minimal deviation of 0.00057%, confirming the accuracy of the design. Thermal simulations demonstrated uniform temperature distribution throughout the drum, ensuring effective drying. From an economic perspective, the system provides significant daily operational benefits by reducing coal consumption. The proposed design is therefore technically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally beneficial, supporting the substitution of fossil fuels and the reduction of CO2 emissions in cement manufacturing. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.181 10.4028/p-8lLLxC Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Amat Umron, Muchammad Muchammad, M.S.K. Tony Suryo Utomo, Ahmad Fudholi, Tri Suyono <br />Drying is a well-established method for preserving food, extending shelf life, maintaining quality, and reducing post-harvest losses, yet many conventional systems remain energy-intensive and weather-dependent, particularly in regions with limited electricity supply. This review examines recent developments in food drying technologies, from traditional systems to innovative concepts integrating artificial intelligence, hybrid configurations, and renewable energy sources. A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for publications from January 2020 to May 2025, applying defined inclusion–exclusion criteria and multi-stage screening, resulting in 95 relevant articles covering methods, innovations, optimization approaches, and implementation challenges. The findings show significant progress in the use of hybrid solar dryers, AI-assisted modeling, and optimization of process parameters to improve energy efficiency and product quality, with portable and hybrid solar dryers emerging as promising options for farmers and SMEs in low-electrification areas. However, high investment costs, limited scalability, and the need for robust real-time control still hinder wider adoption in resource-constrained settings. This review provides an integrated overview of state-of-the-art drying technologies, highlights knowledge gaps, and outlines research priorities for developing energy-efficient drying systems capable of producing high-quality products and accessible across diverse operating contexts. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.191 10.4028/p-W6f5Vc Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Putu Wijaya Sunu, Daud Simon Anakottapary, Si Putu Gede Gunawan Tista, Wiwik Purwadi, I. Dewa Gede Agus Tri Putra <br />The strategic integration of natural dehumidifiers in agricultural drying systems offers significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency while maintaining product quality. This study comprehensively evaluated the energy performance of natural dehumidifier placement in a multi-rack turmeric drying cabinet by comparing three configurations: without dehumidifier (baseline), dehumidifier positioned at the top, and dehumidifier positioned at the bottom of the drying chamber. The experimental setup utilized a multi-rack cabinet dryer with six trays, processing 350 grams of fresh turmeric per tray (2.1 kg total batch) over 300 minutes operation time. Energy performance parameters were calculated based on actual initial and final weights of turmeric samples, providing accurate moisture removal quantification for each configuration. Energy performance was assessed through multiple metrics including Specific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER), Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), weight reduction percentage, final moisture content, and actual energy consumption measurements. Results demonstrated that the top-positioned dehumidifier configuration achieved superior energy performance with SMER of 0.519 kg/kWh, representing a 22.7% improvement over baseline (0.423 kg/kWh), while energy consumption decreased by 15.9% (from 3.78 to 3.18 kWh). The SEC showed remarkable improvement, reducing from 2.37 to 1.93 kWh/kg H2O (18.5% reduction). Total moisture removal increased by 3.3% (from 1.598 to 1.650 kg), achieving 78.6% weight reduction compared to 76.1% baseline. Most significantly, the top configuration achieved a final moisture content of 6.6% wet basis, meeting commercial standards (&lt;10%), while baseline and bottom configurations resulted in 16.3% and 13.0% respectively, both failing to meet commercial requirements. In contrast, the bottom-positioned dehumidifier showed moderate performance with SMER of 0.474 kg/kWh (12.2% improvement over baseline) and energy consumption of 3.41 kWh (9.8% reduction), achieving SEC of 2.11 kWh/kg H2O (10.8% improvement) and 77.0% weight reduction. These findings demonstrate that natural dehumidifier placement significantly influences both energy performance and final product quality, with top positioning being the only configuration capable of achieving commercial moisture standards while delivering optimal energy efficiency in small to medium-scale turmeric drying operations. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.203 10.4028/p-pbdL1m Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Endang Pudji Purwanti, Priyo Agus Setiawan, Projek Priyonggo Sumangun Lukitadi, Emie Santoso, Nopem Ariwiyono, Daysi Dwijati Kumala Ratna Antariksih, Yenni Zanumba Azizah, Hosea Wisdom Ermanto, Sriyanto Sriyanto <br />Wind energy has developed rapidly with various efforts aimed at improving its performance. The Darrieus wind turbine will study its performance by adding fins to the surface of the Darrieus turbine. The turbine shape in this study utilizes NACA 0018 symmetry by adding one fin on the mid-span side and the fin is varied against the fin height. The method used is a numerical study with a CFD approach that varies the fin height to determine the value of the torque coefficient, power coefficient, and tip speed ratio. This study uses a Darrieus turbine with a diameter of 40 cm and a rotor height of 50 cm, and varies the fin height by 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm, and 3.5 cm. The results show that the turbine performance increases by 45.23% at a fin height of 2.5 cm. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.211 10.4028/p-ESm5u8 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Fuad Hilmy, Raka Mahendra Sulistiyo, Muhammad Khusni Mubarak, Agus Arianto, Arrizka Yanuar Adipradana, Dinh Cong Binh <br />Population growth and technological developments have led to an increase in energy demand, especially electricity, which is a primary need for communities. One effort to meet this demand is through the use of renewable energy, such as micro-hydro power plants (PLTMH) using Savonius-type hydrokinetic turbines. This study analyses the effect of Phase-Shaft Angle (PSA) design variations on the performance of a 2-stage Savonius turbine in the Gending River flow. Simulations were conducted using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with the k-ω SST turbulence model under steady-state conditions, with PSA variations of 15°, 30°, and 45°, a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.8, and a flow velocity of 1.07 m/s. The results showed that a PSA of 45° provided the best performance with a torque of 3.44705 Nm, a torque coefficient (CT) of 0.235, and a power coefficient (CP) of 0.188. Conversely, the 15° PSA produced the lowest performance with a torque of 2.88019 Nm, a CT of 0.196, and a CP of 0.157. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.227 10.4028/p-0FkCg2 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Nur Ikhwan, Sutardi Sutardi, Triyogi Yuwono <br />Riblet as a passive boundary layer control has attracted many researchers since it is small but has significant effect in increasing turbulence, reducing drag force, and increasing lift force. Numerical study has been performed for triangular riblet with a dimension of s = h = 0.5 mm on the upper surface of NACA 0026 airfoil with cord length 200 mm. Relative size of riblet (h+) will be 19.6. The simulation was performed at a velocity of 8, 12 and 16 m/s, which corresponds with Reynolds number 1. x 105 until 2. x 105, with variations in angles of attack of –15°, –10°, –5°, 0°, 5°, 10° and 15°. Riblet’s orientations are transversal with its alignment: protruded, aligned and indented. Simulation results showed that riblet at 8 m/s velocity were able to reduce drag force at high angle of attack, but its lift force is lower than plain airfoil. Lower lift force in airfoil is caused by turbulent kinetic energy reduction caused by riblet, especially at near wall area. At high velocity, 16 m/s, protruded and indented riblet has higher lift force, especially at angle of attack above 5°. The lift force increase in airfoil is caused by higher relative velocity for freestream velocity of 16 m/s. Better performance for 0.5 mm riblet will be obtained if riblet orientation is indented or protruded with freestream velocity at 16 m/s. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.233 10.4028/p-KhI1C0 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): S.P. Setyo Hariyadi, Ahmad Bahrawi, Bambang Driyono, Dwiyanto Dwiyanto, Sutardi Sutardi, Wawan Aries Widodo <br />The movement of fluid flow from the leading edge to the trailing edge is an interesting phenomenon to observe, especially on commercial aircraft wings. This condition becomes very different when the fluid flow crosses different wing planforms even though they have the same airfoil type. This study provides an alternative design for the wing planform of the Embraer ERJ 145 aircraft using the NASA SC(2)-0612 airfoil, resulting in improved aerodynamic performance. The numerical simulation uses a Reynolds number of Re = 2.88 × 10⁷, corresponding to the cruising speed conditions of the Embraer ERJ 145. Rectangular, delta, and swept-back wings were used as research configurations, particularly for the velocity magnitude, turbulent intensity, turbulent viscosity ratio, and turbulent kinetic energy components. The lateral flow from the wing root toward the wingtip, which is an effect of the wing planform, creates a vorticity structure flow pattern. The fluid flow on the rectangular wing, dominated by the mainflow from the leading edge to the trailing edge, does not significantly affect the flow properties around the wingtip. Conversely, the delta and swept-back wings significantly influence the turbulent intensity, turbulent viscosity ratio, and turbulent kinetic energy at the wingtip, which are highly influenced by the wing planform shape. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.255 10.4028/p-lQkKn7 Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Hans Christian, Sofyan Tan <br />The rising popularity of electric vehicle (EV) have imposed an increasing interest in development for efficient and effective vehicle chassis designs. Utilizing the concept of shared platform can lower the price of a car as shown done with many car manufacturers. However, not all chassis designs are able to accommodate the unique demands of an electric vehicle powertrain. A further study on structural analysis and optimization for electric vehicle’s chassis design is required. The objective of this study is analysing the feasibility of a conventional ladder frame chassis to accommodate an EV powertrain with minimal modifications. A 1994 Chevrolet K1500 chassis serves as reference, using finite element method (FEM) with computer aided design (CAD) software, to assess the structural integrity of both original and modified designs. The modifications were found to be minor, with just the removal of the middle crossmembers and strengthening the side rails where the battery will be mounted. Simulations show an increase in factor of safety value by 2.23, demonstrating improved structural integrity. Additionally, the estimated range of the vehicle is 270km, proving the potential of ladder frame adaptation for EV. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.265 10.4028/p-L9dKQD Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Sonki Prasetya, Muhammad Todaro, Muhammad Hidayat Tullah, Fuad Zainuri, Rahmat Noval, Asep Yana <br />Two-wheeled electric bicycles are widely used by the public as a means of short-distance transportation. To optimize user movement while encouraging the use of environmentally friendly energy in the area around the campus, electric bicycles can be made by converting ordinary bicycles used daily via a conversion kit. The challenge is to develop a design that is simple to install (plug and play) on various types of bicycles. The idea of a universal battery pack for converted electric bicycles with an IoT monitoring system is the advantage feature. The objective is to design the enclosure for the converter kit with a LiFePO4 Li-ion type battery capacity of 576Wh. The result from the simulation for the design shows that the enclosure design with PC-ABS material appropriate to be used for the battery pack for the dimension approximately 50cm x 16cm x 14cm with the weight of 4.5kg. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.273 10.4028/p-Msj03Y Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Sugiyanto Sugiyanto, Ilham Ayu Putri Pratiwi, Isworo Djati <br />In current electric road sweeper car units, the broom rotation speed is often excessively high, leading to inefficient sweeping performance and accelerated wear of the broom bristles. To address this issue, a speed reducer can be installed to lower the broom's rotational speed, thereby extending its service life and achieving an optimal sweeping effect. This study aims to determine the optimal broom rotation speed for effective sweeping and minimal wire wear. An experimental test was conducted using a prototype electric road sweeper, evaluating various broom rotational speeds and their effects on sweeping efficiency and wear rate. The results showed that the optimal broom speed for sweeping leaf litter is 109 RPM, achieving a waste collection success rate of 87.5% at a sweeping speed of 1 km/h. Furthermore, the measured wear rate of the broom wire per revolution was 0.000022 mm. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.283 10.4028/p-F2F5Pn Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Muhamad Iqbal Syachjaya, Alief Muhammad Ariadestela, Yogi Agung Susanto <br />Excessive moisture content in turbine lubricating oil poses serious threats to the reliability, safety, and efficiency of steam turbines in coal-fired power plants. This paper presents a root cause analysis and corrective action taken in a 115 MW unit, where moisture content reached 24,315 mg/L, extremely over the safety threshold of 100 mg/L. Despite standard measures like oil cooler tests and continuous purification, the issue remained unresolved. Further investigation focused on the gland steam system revealed abnormal temperature profiles indicating insufficient steam flow. This led to the identification of a partially blocked flow of gland steam caused by the residual water from the prior irrigation test. The blockage forced the gland steam to flows excessively through the labyrinth which consequently enter the lubricating system. Corrective action is taken and moisture content dropped to 90 mg/L. A thorough analysis and strict monitoring have successfully prevented the unit from tripping and avoided significant production losses. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.295 10.4028/p-SBIs1J Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Ahmad Nurhuda, Anak Agung Putu Susastriawan, Hadi Saputra <br />The FPSO Marlin Natuna is the first conversion vessel in Indonesia to be transformed from an FSO to an FPSO, equipped with various facilities for processing crude oil and gas from the Forel and Bronang wellhead platforms (WHP). One of the most critical facilities is the deck boiler with a capacity of 25 tons per hour, which functions as the driver for two crude oil pump units, one ballast pump unit, and to maintain the temperature stability and inert gas condition in the cargo oil tank. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the dual-fuel deck boiler (diesel and gas) on the vessel. Testing was conducted based on the ASME PTC 4-2013 standard using the direct method during the commissioning phase. Test data were obtained at a maximum load of 40% (diesel) and 50% (gas), including steam and fuel flow rates, steam pressure and temperature, and other test parameters. The data were analyzed to determine the deck boiler efficiency by comparing the output energy to the input energy. Results showed that the deck boiler efficiency was 74.94% with diesel fuel and 63.63% with gas fuel, with a diesel consumption of 632 kg/h and gas consumption of 627 kg/h. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for evaluation efforts aimed at improving the deck boiler system efficiency on the FPSO Marlin Natuna. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.301 10.4028/p-S37Ace Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): I.B. Indra Widi Kurniawan, Ayu Nurul Haryudiniarti, P.S. Yasya Khalif, Ikmal Ikmal, Arif Rahman Hakim, Ahmad Badrus Soleh <br />Measurement accuracy plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality, and calibration is essential to guarantee the reliability of measuring instruments. In torque measurement, the National Measurement Standards Laboratory (SNSU BSN) provides the highest national standard through torque machines. However, calibrating torque measuring instruments requires reliable tools that are capable of withstanding high loads without failure. This research aims to design, simulate, and prototype a torque calibration tool. Autodesk Inventor was used to perform finite element simulations on three candidate materials: Aluminum 7075, Stainless Steel 304, and AISI 1045. The results show that AISI 1045 has the lowest displacement and the highest safety factor, making it the most suitable material. To validate the prototype, the tool was produced using 3D printing, ensuring dimensional accuracy and assembly compatibility. The final design can sustain loads up to 2000 N, providing reliable performance for torque calibration at SNSU BSN. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.307 10.4028/p-6VWEpw Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Setya Wijayanta, Erza Zidan A'laudin Zulfa, Ananta Salman Hadito <br />The rapid expansion of Indonesia’s transport sector has intensified exhaust emissions from motor vehicle engines, which are key contributors to air pollution and global warming. This study proposes an emission reduction strategy through the development of a thermoelectric system employing Peltier modules integrated with a single-chamber heat exchanger. An experimental method was applied to evaluate variations of heat exchangers using a single radiator configuration. Results show that at a 7 lpm flow rate, the spiral heat exchanger increased fuel temperature to 36,5°C, while the non-spiral type reached 35,5°C. Under maximum flow conditions, CO emissions were reduced by 8,65% and hydrocarbon emissions by 29,42%. The optimum cold-side temperature in TEC 1 occurred at 3 lpm, with the spiral exchanger achieving -8,6°C compared to -3,7°C for the non-spiral type. Although cooling performance declined, the elevated fuel temperature enhanced combustion efficiency, leading to a measurable reduction in emissions. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200 https://www.scientific.net/EH.38.319 10.4028/p-gv7qhB Publication date: 25 June 2026 <br />Source: Engineering Headway Vol. 38 <br />Author(s): Asri Anjasari, Anindito Purnowidodo, Khairul Anam <br />Predictive maintenance is a strategic necessity in the mineral processing industry, particularly for seawater pipelines that are highly susceptible to internal coating degradation. Failure to accurately predict the reduction in coating thickness can result in leaks, significant financial losses, and operational disruptions. While machine learning algorithms hold significant potential to enhance prediction accuracy and improve infrastructure reliability, their application in piping systems especially for coating thickness remains limited. This study develops a data-driven maintenance framework using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict internal coating thickness degradation based on a decade of historical inspection records from 2014 to 2024. To address the challenges of data-driven modeling in industrial contexts, this research incorporates advanced feature engineering, including temporal decomposition of inspection dates and spatial encoding of manhole positions. Furthermore, to mitigate the risks of overfitting inherent in limited industrial datasets, the model integrates Dropout layers and L2 regularization. The findings demonstrate that a regularized ANN architecture can effectively capture non-linear degradation patterns. The proposed model achieves a Coefficient of Determination, R2 of 0.94 and a Mean Absolute Error, MAE of 25.91 µm. These results are expected to reinforce predictive maintenance strategies, optimize shutdown scheduling from 2026 to 2027, and promote the sustainability of industrial operations through more efficient resource allocation and real-time monitoring potential. <br /> <br /> Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0200 Thu, 2 Jul 2026 06:59:13 +0200