Saving Environment in Architecture Design through Illusion Method: A Literature Review

Architecture deals with solving problems through building design, including environmental issues. This study focuses on and analyses the architectural illusion design to save the environment. Therefore, applying this illusion approach manipulates the area of the environment, which directly affects the user's living. The purpose of architectural illusion in the design is to impact the environment significantly. This study method reviews the relevant literature that provides solution strategies for a design without using illusions. These solutions are then compared using illusions to determine the differences in environmental saving. The result is that designs that apply architectural illusions will benefit the environment and not threaten the environment.


Introduction
Architectural design is a relationship between 3 balances: strength, beauty, and utility [1].Issues in architecture are constantly changing from time to time.Nowadays, the environment is considered essential to architecture [2].Meanwhile, the environment is needed to construct an architectural design as a medium and forming element.Therefore, an architectural design must now be able to protect the environment significantly [3].
In the field of architectural design, the environment is a crucial imperative.This constraint demonstrates that the approach to resolving this problem is still evolving [4].One role in resolving these issues is the employment of technology, which is entirely efficient.Technology use has drawbacks, one of which is that it consumes energy to function.However, there must be a technologically free method of addressing the urgency of the environment in architectural design.It is designed to accomplish the main goals as effectively as possible [5].Some scholars suggest using passive design in architecture to address the issue and safeguard the environment.Although this method does not involve technology, not all design fields can use it.There are unfavorable environments for many architectural ideas [6].
By contrasting architectural designs that use illusions and those that do not, this study aims to show how illusions are used in a design.This invention gives architectural designs a high level of effectiveness in preserving the environment, especially those in limited environments.Illusion in an architectural design can prevent environmental problems without using technology.All that needs to be done is to arrange the elements [7].The bibliometric analysis of Vosviewer reveals that the subject matter of this paper has not frequently been studied (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Vosviewer as bibliometric mapping
This structured narrative review aims to explore the frameworks used to investigate the method of illusions to save the environment on design, the methods employed, and whether the experiments found evidence in support of the framework.The combination of illusion and architecture can find new ideas supporting saving the environment.

Methods
By literature review, this method compares sources before comparing dwelling-related environmental protection solutions that employ deceptions and those that do not.A literature search was conducted using Mendeley and the search engine Google Scholar to find research that reports both manipulations of the visual environment with illusions (Fig. 2).Included in the list of keywords and phrases are environmental architecture, ecology architecture, illusion architecture, dwelling, or dwelling environment.No limitations on publication date, study design, or methodology were applied during the search carried out in May 2023.

Fig.2. Research method diagram
This scientific article's title is based on data analysis by Vosviewer, which identifies scientific works that have not undergone extensive research.The Vosviewer is applied as a bibliometric mapping with the keywords illusion architecture and saving environment.Nothing on this level dazzles research authors, organizations, or articles.Studies based on diverse scientific papers are required for inclusion, as are studies integrating research on illusion, environment, dwelling, and other related scientific articles.The illusion method examines related articles by studying associated issues, contexts, approaches, goals, and standard solutions.

Results and Discussions
Environment Urgency.The national goal is to reduce carbon emissions from buildings because they are significant in carbon reduction plans.Future concerns include the need to lessen the influence on 50 Engineering Innovations Vol. 10 the environment [8].Due to industrialization and economic expansion, urbanization significantly affects how a local area's land use and land cover (LULC) are changed.Replacing natural surfaces, including bare soil, with impervious surfaces that lessen water percolation into the ground is one of the primary changes urbanization brings.Urban areas' surface cooling rates drop due to these changes [9], resulting in decreased soil moisture and evapotranspiration.The environment is now significantly impacted by development and is eventually supplanted by it [10].One of the impacts of not maintaining the environment is human food sources.To solve the issues of food security, sciencebased decision-making is essential.The public and private sector scientific community must work together to maximize a globally collaborative research environment.Policymakers and regulatory authorities must move quickly to provide a level playing field so that all researchers, farmers, and food chain participants can access the newest technologies [11].Humans should preserve the environment so that it has a positive effect on humans.A diagram of land use in architectural design can be seen in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Comparison between building and environment
Development causes a reduction in land, which damages the environmental ecosystem.Buildings do not necessarily require large land areas, but now, much land is not being used effectively.As a result, the cooling rate of urban surfaces is significantly lower than rural ones.Large amounts of waste heat and pollutants are also released into the atmosphere due to the expansion of trade, industry, and transportation operations in urban areas [12].All of these adjustments to energy budgets result in higher temperatures in urban regions than in nearby rural areas, known as the urban heat island effect (UHI).Due to the discharge of heat from all concrete surfaces, including buildings and roadways, this phenomenon is most apparent at night [10].
Green Architecture Principles.Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility.A good environment will also respond well to humans.National targets focus on reducing carbon emissions in residential areas and have an essential role in carbon reduction strategies.Reducing environmental impacts is a future architecture design issue [8].According to [13], six principles make the presence of this design suitable for the surrounding environment (Fig. 4).
Engineering Innovations Vol. 10 Fig. 4. Six Green architecture principles Source: Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-conscious Future [13] The six principles of environmentally friendly buildings above are a form of architectural design's concern for the environment.Architecture requires an environment to be present and provide benefits to a design.Green architectural principles in a design have become something that must be fulfilled apart from other design principles.Procedures implementing green architecture are advantageous because they will receive certification from institutions overseeing architectural design development.This certification will make the design easy to approve and difficult to debate.
Illusion Strategy in Architecture.The architecture of illusion is a relationship between real and virtual elements [14].Virtual reality is presented in a real form and the real world.Illusions mainly depend on the user, their point of view, and how they perceive things.In architecture, illusion is a strategy for achieving particular objectives without the aid of technology.The illusion posture significantly impacts the material.If a material is arranged in a specific pattern, it takes on a new significance and is not just regarded as a form [15]. Illusion in architecture is very close to reality [16].We can create an illusion with a specific purpose using our desired elements and strategy.We are arranging real aspects to form an illusion.The more an illusion deceives the user, the more influential the illusion is in a design.The illusion exists in the glorious moment of hesitation when we examine our realities and reevaluate our expectations, frequently leading to discovering a new adventure and an ideal equilibrium.Something seems to settle as if it suddenly feels like the appropriate course of action [7].The illusion strategy in the above table demonstrates six techniques for applying illusions to various aspects.This strategy will be contrasted with other environmental protection strategies.Solutions from different literature will be used to compare the effectiveness of using illusion in architecture for environmental protection (Fig. 5).The six illusion strategies above can be used in the context of protecting the environment.An illusion applied to an architectural design can directly affect the user.The relationship between the environment and users can be modified so that users can use land efficiently.The following is an explanation of the six illusion strategies: 1. Camouflage When it comes to camouflage, the projects chosen don't just aim to blend in with their surroundings or fool the sight for the sake of deception but also more significant objectives of user engagement.Architecture will be concealed using this camouflage technique as an object in the surroundings to meet a purpose.

Living Space
At its root, the illusion is an invitation.Suppose we can comprehend it, which takes thought, knowledge, and curiosity and opens doors to the unexpected.In architecture, concealing is always done with a view toward efficiency while also serving a practical purpose.This strategy for creating living space makes efficient use of available areas.Residents can use a space that can serve multiple purposes and has interiors that can change or be hidden.

Matter
It is no longer unusual for furniture to sell at auction for the same price as or more than a work of art by a well-known artist.Furniture may shape itself around the experiences and expectations of every consumer and is just as interpretative as any area used by the body.An expression of the furniture industry's evolution.The idea is to use this way to make something impossible in furniture to be present.The matter process will provide a fantastical element to furniture design.

Outside/In
In this part, illusion investigates unconventional approaches to combining site elements with interior architectural design.Shelter, security, and property management serve their fundamental purposes, but only with some interruption or even unrest brought on by conflicts over primacy.This approach focuses on entering something externally and is perceptible from within the structure.Residents might feel a sense of oneness with the surrounding environment by choosing transparent materials.

Repose and Silence
The favored acoustic for relaxation is quiet, and strangely, the acoustics of silence are rather complex.It is not possible outside.Outside, one cannot be alone.There are thus two different types of seekers: one yearns for firmness and silence, and the other yearns for movement and passing screams of the natural world.This approach is mainly concerned with silence.This approach aims to create a design that can accommodate this requirement.

Signs
There is just one way to view this illusion.Several architectural components typically used to display writing, graphics, etc., present illusions.This deception aims to insert another dimension into our own instantaneously.The strategy can be a marking on an outside architectural design, which is highly helpful in marketing.
As an example of its application, the following two buildings demonstrate the use of the illusion method in architectural design: Singha D'luck Theatre -Thailand, the Illusion material is used in this design.To make it happen in reality, illusion support theory is used.When viewed from a particular angle, the structure seems transparent due to the addition of mirrors to its walls.Tree Hotel -Sweden, this concept is for a house in a forest.This design location is supported by a tree that is 8 meters high.This building's glass walls use virtual materials to give the impression of transparency and environmental friendliness without using additional colors.Illusions addressed to the user must Engineering Innovations Vol. 10 certainly look as real as possible.In implementing an illusion, the elements that form it are needed [17].This can be seen in Table 1.This illusory element is an application object, and the elements can form a design.This strategy makes the details a sub-section in implementing the illusion, which aims to save the environment.The illusion that is felt is undoubtedly different for everyone, but the designer only has one intention and purpose in presenting this illusion.Until now, it cannot be judged by the 12 sensors.This happens because the application of illusion has not been able to replace complex real elements.In this design, the illusion presented can be felt by 12 human sensors (Fig. 6.).Fig. 6. 12-Sensory Source: Steiner and Goethe: Circle of Senses [18] Sensory is divided into 3: sense of humanity, sense of the world, and sense of the body.This 12sense is a more detailed division than the 5-sense we generally know.For example, one organ in the body can feel several different senses, including the skin, which can feel temperature and touch with different feelings.These three senses represent human nature in the scope of social interaction, namely when alone (sense of the body), family (sense of the world) and the public (sense of humanity).12-sensory will be the main target in applying illusion architecture to a design.An illusion that all 12 senses cannot currently perceive.Therefore, this research uses a combination of illusion theory so all 12 senses can feel the illusion.A module is proposed to provide direction and convenience when applied to a design to convey the illusion in an architectural design.How an illusion architecture is formed can be seen in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. Illusion method in design
The illusion module is proposed to facilitate the application of architectural illusions in a design.Starting from determining the illusion element (in the middle of the diagram), this purpose is based on user and land analysis.Then, select the illusion strategy that suits the specified elements and determine what sensory you want to focus on presenting.Sense is presented as a whole, but determining sense is used as a reference to its presence in general.Each zoning can be carried out at the same stages.Different zoning and architectural illusion approaches can be based on the architectural design module.

The Effect and Strategy to Save Environment with Illusion.
Architecture design significantly impacts the environment in terms of issues, context, challenges and aims, strategy, and theory.The following explanations of the connection between housing and the environment are taken from several sources and can be seen in Table 2.In addition to previous findings, the environment is impacted by architectural design and material [55]- [58].The environment ensures architectural design comfort and combines elements, strategy illusion and 12 senses.Illusion architecture can be the solution for the environment in terms of architectural design.This method uses significantly more environmentally friendly techniques to tackle the architecture design problem than a standard solution.The overall result of the key uses illusions and cannot be seen in Fig. 8.

Conclusion
As a result of environmental urgency in design architecture, the illusion has been attempted to address environmental issues in the present architectural design.However, getting the best results is challenging.This issue is solved by illusion in architectural design since this technique can trick the user into believing something untrue.The user no longer requires additional space as a result of this.

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Engineering Innovations Vol. 10 It significantly impacts environmental protection because it does not call for vast areas in an architectural design.The more untouched an environmental ecosystem, the better the environment.With the application of illusion in architectural design, it is hoped that it will bring about changes, especially in terms of a better environment, especially in the lack of land use, and also have a good impact on humans.

Fig. 5 .
Fig. 5. Camouflage, living space, matter, outside/in, repose and silence, signs as illusion strategy in architecture.Source: Illusion in Design: New Trends in Architecture and Interiors [7]

Fig. 8 .
Fig. 8. Transformation framework from standard solution to illusion solution The transformation from a standard solution to an illusory solution involves many things.Green principles and illusion architecture influence change into illusion solutions.The present illusion solution is influenced by element selection, illusion strategy, and 12 senses.The illusion solution is more effective in protecting the environment than the typical solution.

Table 1 .
[17]sion elements in architecture Source: Art and Visual Perception: A Psychology of the Creative Eye[17]

Table 2 .
Summary of the effect of dwelling on the environment