Nano Hybrids and Composites

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)/Poly-N-Methyl Pyrolle (P-NMPy)@Manganese Selenide (MnSe) Polymer Nanocomposite for Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): M. Kavitha, R. R. Muthuchudarkodi, Justus Shakina, S. Anbu Chudar Azhagan
A novel hybrid ternary polymer nanocomposite, Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly-N-Methyl Pyrrole@Manganese Selenide (RGO/P-NMPy@MnSe), was synthesized through a chemical oxidative in situ polymerization route and evaluated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline media. Structural and morphological characterizations using FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM-EDAX, and TEM confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of MnSe nanoparticles within the conductive RGO/P-NMPy framework. Electrochemical analysis via cyclic voltammetry revealed a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 68.7 m² g⁻¹ and a superior peak current density of 36.25 µA at pH 9.0. Chronoamperometric studies demonstrated remarkable durability with a sustained steady-state current density (798.31–93.89 µA) for over 900 s, confirming excellent catalytic stability. The synergistic effects of RGO conductivity, MnSe catalytic activity, and the polymer’s structural integrity enhance electron transfer and tolerance toward poisoning intermediates. These findings highlight RGO/P-NMPy@MnSe as a low-cost, durable, and efficient electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and related electrochemical energy conversion applications.

Sugarcane Bagasse, Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) Clay and Nano-Silica Bio-Adsorbent for the Removal of Pollutants in Poultry Wastewater

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): John Marc Ganzon, Paul Jhon G. Eugenio
Sugarcane represents a significant agricultural commodity extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally. Following the industrial processing of sugarcane, a substantial quantity of the byproduct known as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is generated. Due to the overwhelming production of this biomass, bagasse is often incinerated as a method of solid waste management, leading to environmental problems. To remediate poultry wastewater, agricultural residue was repurposed into a bagasse-based bio-adsorbent enhanced with nano-silica and zeolite clay. FTIR analysis indicated the existence of functional groups such as the O-H stretching, C=C stretching, C-H bending, and C-N stretching. SEM-EDX analysis demonstrated that the synthesized bio-adsorbent exhibits a microporous structure, which is beneficial for filtration applications, and consists of varying concentrations of oxygen, carbon, and silicon. Moreover, the composite achieved up to 100% Cd removal, 100% As removal, 54.76% Pb removal, and 40% Hg removal, while reducing coliform counts by 93.42–99.11%. Dissolved oxygen increased by as much as 60.19%, and total ammoniacal nitrogen decreased by up to 42.05%, demonstrating the material’s strong remediation potential. Furthermore, notable enhancements in the physicochemical properties of the poultry wastewater, including temperature and pH, were also documented. This research study elucidates a significant improvement in the treatment of wastewater through the utilization of agricultural by-products sugarcane bagasse, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of nano-silica and zeolite integration in developing sustainable and efficient adsorbent materials for wastewater remediation.

Cyclodextrin Covalent-Organic Frameworks: Bridging Host–Guest Chemistry and Porous Materials for Diverse Applications

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Edgar Clyde R. Lopez
Cyclodextrin Covalent-Organic Frameworks (CD-COFs) represent a distinctive class of porous crystalline materials that combines the structural order and tunable porosity of covalent-organic frameworks with the host–guest recognition and chiral selectivity of cyclodextrins. This review presents an analysis of recent progress in CD-COF research with emphasis on applications already demonstrated in the literature. CD-COFs show strong performance as highly selective stationary phases for chromatographic separations, enabling resolution of positional isomers and chiral enantiomers through inclusion complexation within ordered cavities supported by a high-surface-area framework. Framework architecture also enables rapid and selective adsorption of micropollutants, perfluorinated compounds, and other persistent contaminants, pointing to use in sustainable water treatment. Studies further report roles in energy and environmental technologies that include solid-state lithium-ion conduction, carbon capture, functional membranes for antibacterial activity, and enantioselective separation. Knowledge gaps persist in scalable and environmentally friendly synthesis, broader coverage of underexplored application spaces, and the translation of host–guest design rules into predictive structure–property relationships. Continued progress positions CD-COFs as a versatile platform for next-generation functional materials that address challenges in separation science, energy storage, and environmental remediation.

First-Principles Study on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional Silicene Quantum Dots

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Minh Tien Tran
In this study, detailed investigations of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of two-dimensional silicene quantum dots (SiQDs-2D) were carried out using first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The SiQDs-2D structure was constructed from 13 Si atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice and passivated by 9 H atoms to enhance stability. The cohesive energy was calculated to be about –2.986 eV, confirming the dynamical stability of the system. The optimized geometry shows that the Si–Si bond lengths are approximately 2.247 Å (nearest neighbor), 3.637 Å (next-nearest neighbor), and 4.275 Å (opposite sites in a hexagon), with an average bond angle of 108.05° and a buckling height of about 0.8 Å. The electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) indicate that SiQDs-2D exhibits semiconducting behavior with a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, strongly influenced by edge effects and hydrogen passivation. The charge density distribution shows that the HOMO states are mainly localized at the edges, while the LUMO states are more delocalized across the lattice, reflecting unique electronic transition mechanisms in the system. In terms of optical properties, SiQDs-2D presents strong absorption in the ultraviolet region (peak at ~5 eV) with an absorption coefficient of about 10⁸ m⁻¹, accompanied by a low reflectivity in the visible region. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function reveal the presence of intrinsic plasmon resonances in the range of 5–6 eV, while the JDOS confirms the role of dominant electronic transitions in the UV region. These results not only demonstrate the stability and unique electronic–optical features of SiQDs-2D but also highlight their potential applications in optoelectronic devices, UV sensors, and ultraviolet shielding materials

PKS-Derived Porous Carbon/Epoxy Composites for EMI Shielding

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Muhammad Faris Firdaus Arisah, Nur Iffah Zulaikha Azman, Syarifah Norsuhaila Syed Mahmud, Saleh Eesaa Jasim, Mohamad Ashry Jusoh
Nowadays, many individuals utilize the 5G network, which can give detrimental effects due to electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI may harm not only high-tech electronic devices but also human health. In this study, the porous carbon was synthesized from palm kernel shell (PKS) via hydrothermal treatment at varying temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) followed by carbonization, and comprehensively characterized to understand its structural, chemical, and electromagnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed broad (002) and (100) peaks across all samples, indicating amorphous graphitic carbon with limited crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of O–H, C–H, and C=C functional group. As the synthesis temperature increased, aromatic and graphitic characteristics became more pronounced, with 180 °C exhibiting a significant rise in C–H peak intensity. This suggests that 180 °C is an optimal carbonization temperature, promoting the formation or preservation of stable aliphatic structures without excessive degradation. Surface area analysis using the BET method showed that the sample treated at 180 °C exhibited the highest surface area (547.4 m²/g), suggesting optimal porosity formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported this finding, showing a fragmented and open morphology at 180 °C, in contrast to denser, spherical agglomerates observed at 200 °C. Due to its characteristics, the 180 °C sample was selected for electromagnetic characterization. S-parameter measurements at X-band frequency for epoxy composites filled with porous carbon revealed that increasing filler content led to reduced transmission coefficient, indicating enhanced electromagnetic wave attenuation. These improvements are attributed to increased dielectric losses and interfacial polarization facilitated by the highly porous carbon network. In conclusion, the study highlights the significance of hydrothermal synthesis temperature in tuning the structure and electromagnetic performance of biomass-derived porous carbon.

Heat Treatment Effect on Mechanical Properties of Si3N4 Reinforced Al7075-T6 Composite

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): D. Jeyasimman, R Suresh
The impact of heat treatment on the mechanical characteristics of aluminium metal matrix composite (MMC) was examined in this research work. Here the material chosen for matrix was Al7075-T6, which was aluminium alloy that was tempered with T6 configuration and the Al matrix was reinforced with Silicon nitride (Si3N4) powder. For the evaluation of mechanical properties totally two samples were fabricated, one was Al7075-T6 itself without any addition of any reinforcement and the other sample was composed of Al7075-T6 + 5% of Si3N4. These two samples were fabricated in necessary testing form with the help of stir casting technique. After fabrication and heat treatment of the samples the sample was mechanically tested to evaluate the tensile and impact strength of the samples prepared to find the changes in the mechanical properties due to the reinforcement of Si3N4 and due to the heat treatment process. The samples were subjected to heat treatment process at a temperature of around 500°C for 5 hours, after treating the samples with heat sudden quenching process was done by cooling with distilled water and artificial ageing process was conducted at 150°C for 24 hours. After all this process of fabrication and heat treatment the samples were analysed to find the mechanical properties.

Development of an Anti-Bacterial Calcium Phosphate Bioceramic Orbital Implant Using Local Calcium Carbonate and Nano-Zinc Oxide

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Jocelyn P. Reyes, Sharyjel R. Cayabyab-Gelilang, Johanna Marie B. Sudayon, Lumen C. Milo, Jenny Lyn H. Laga, Alvin Kim M. Collera, Mar Christian O. Que, Marianito T. Margarito
The search for the ideal eye implant for anophthalmic sockets continues notwithstanding the availability of orbital implants for years. This study focuses on the development of an innovative anti-bacterial calcium phosphate bioceramic orbital implant. Utilizing locally sourced calcium carbonate and kaolin clay and incorporating nano-zinc oxide, the implant aims to enhance antibacterial properties and promote bone regeneration. The primary objectives include optimizing the material composition, fabricating the bioceramic using conventional techniques, and evaluating the implant's physical and mechanical performance. The optimization involves varying calcination temperatures between 800°C and 1200°C and varying kaolin clay composition between 15% and 20%. The mineral composition was identified and determined using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The physical and mechanical properties of the developed orbital were characterized using three-dimensional chromatography X-Ray scanner (3D CT-XRay), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and universal testing machine (UTM). In this study, it was found that the optimum calcination temperature yielding the desired biphasic calcium phosphate composition is 800°C. Moreover, the developed orbitals revealed a porous structure with an average pore size of 198 micrometers. The tests for compressive and flexural strength showed promising results surpassing some of the characteristics of commercially available bioceramic orbital implants. Overall, this study sought to offer a cost-effective and efficient solution for orbital implant surgeries, ultimately improving patient outcomes through enhanced material properties and localized production.

Preliminary Biocompatibility Studies of Nano-Zinc Bioceramic Orbital Implant for Anophthalmic Socket Application

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Jocelyn P. Reyes, Sharyjel R. Cayabyab-Gelilang, Johanna Marie B. Sudayon, Lumen C. Milo, Jenny Lyn Laga, Michiko A. Ong, Marianito T. Margarito
The increasing demand for effective ocular prosthetics has led to the exploration of innovative materials for orbital implants. The study focuses on the preliminary biocompatibility assessment of nanozinc bioceramic orbital implant intended for anophthalmic socket applications. These implants aim to address common complications such as infection and inflammation in patients requiring ocular prostheses. Bioceramic orbital implants were fabricated using conventional techniques using biphasic calcium phosphates and kaolin clay as raw materials. The bioceramic material, engineered for its antibacterial properties, is evaluated for its cytotoxic response. In vitro tests are conducted to determine the cellular response and antibacterial efficacy of the implants. Effect of different loadings of nanozinc oxide onto the bioceramic orbital implant were investigated. Disc diffusion method using test organisms Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) has revealed the resistance of the bioceramic orbital implant against bacterial attack. Moreover, MTT cytotoxicity test has shown fibroblast cell viability indicating good biocompatibility. Ultimately, the bioceramic orbital implant has presented no adverse effects upon exposure to Albino rabbits using dermal and eye irritation tests. The findings from this preliminary research will provide crucial insights into the feasibility and safety of using antibacterial bioceramic materials for orbital implants, potentially improving clinical outcomes for patients with anophthalmic sockets.

The Impact of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Blood Flow Behavior in Constricted Artery

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Sumit Kumar, Surendra Kumar
The study examines the effects of silver and gold nanoparticles on blood flow in stenosed arteries. The evaluation part of a mathematical model that consisted of linked partial differential equations. These equations have been resolved using the FTCS scheme, along with suitable boundary conditions. The velocity and concentration, temperature, wall shear stress, and volumetric flow rate are all demonstrated with the help of numerical solutions. These are necessary for understanding the impact of different parameters. The present study contributes to the biomedical field by examining the impact of gold and silver nanoparticles on blood flow, which is measured by concentration, wall shear stress, volumetric flow rate, velocity, and temperature, for various values of dimensionless parameters. This understanding is important for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Stenosis Artery; Gold Nanoparticle; Silver Nanoparticle.

Optimization of Electrical Conductivity of Green Synthesized Metal Nanoparticle

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Rashmi Singh
This abstract focuses on the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), a significant class of nanoparticles with diverse applications. Green synthesis methods, such as plant extracts, microbial-mediated synthesis, and eco-friendly reducing agents, offer several advantages including low cost, scalability, and reduced environmental impact. Utilizing natural sources such as plant extracts rich in phytochemicals and microorganisms capable of reducing metal ions, CuNPs can be synthesized efficiently under mild conditions without the need for rigid chemicals. In recent years, the synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and diverse applications in various fields, including catalysis, electronics, medicine, and environmental remediation. Among the different methods available for nanoparticle synthesis, green synthesis has emerged as a promising approach due to its eco-friendly nature and potential for large-scale production without harmful by-products. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have gained particular interest owing to their exceptional properties and wide-ranging applications. This work explores the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles, focusing on the principles, methods, characterization techniques, and applications of these environmentally nanomaterials.

Enhancement of Thermoplasmonic Characteristics in Hg-Au/Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles

Mon, 2 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Publication date: 2 February 2026
Source: Nano Hybrids and Composites Vol. 50
Author(s): Sudesh Sharma, Pardeep Bhatia
The present research explores the tunable thermoplasmonic response of spherical core-shell nanostructures through theoretical analysis based on the Mie theory. The study examines the effects of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) shell thickness on mercury (Hg) nanoparticles in a water media (n = 1.33), with systematically varying core sizes between the range 5 nm to 20 nm and shell thicknesses 2 nm to 20 nm for sensing, photonic, and photothermal applications. The optical and thermoplasmonic characteristics are investigated for various core-shell ratio at different localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths, covering a spectrum from 250 nm to 850 nm. It is observed that the absorption peak spectra are found between 502 nm-537 nm and 345 nm-456 nm wavelengths with Au and Ag shell on Hg-core. Maximum values of absorption cross-section spectra is revealed at 1.80E-14 m2 and 1.57E-14 m2 of wavelengths 536 nm and 380 nm. Also, 0max is calculated 22 and 31.5 for Au and Ag shell thickness of 02 nm on 20 nm Hg-core and maximum temperature rise at 5.91°C of 20 nm Au shell thickness as compared to Ag shell under 1*104 W/cm2 laser irradiation. The results indicate that the temperature generated by these core-shell nanoparticles can be modulated by material’s nature, core radius, gold/silver shell thickness, and the surrounding medium. Further, the examined core-shell nanoparticles show potential as effective heat sources in various applications, including photothermal cancer therapy, cell optoporation, and sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment.