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MR dampers are one of the most promising new devices for structural vibration reduction, because of their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, low power requirements, large force capacity, and robustness.
Abdullah," Structural Vibration Reduction Using Fuzzy Control of Magnetorheological Dampers," Proceedings of the 2005 Structures Congress and the 2005 Forensic Engineering Symposium, New York, USA, April, 2005 [3] Billie F.
[24] Dyke S.J., Jr B.F.S., Sain M.K.; Carlson J.D," Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 5, No. 5, 1996 [25] J.M.
[26] Zibigniew Michalalewiez “Genetic Algorithms+Data structures = Evolution programs,” Springer Verlag Berlin Heidberg, New York, 1996

These data and events show how fire safety is a formidable subject and one of the main concerns in the design of in the design of high-rise buildings and built infrastructure, where concrete members are often used due to the good fire resistance of concrete.
Some of the most important effects of high temperature are as follows: dehydration of cement paste, porosity increase, reduction of moisture content, thermal expansion, alteration of the pore steam pressure, strength loss, thermal cracking due to thermal restraint, transitional thermal creep and thermal spalling .
§ The reduction in the column length before exposure to fire, consisting of free shrinkage of the concrete, creep, and shortening of the column due to load, is negligible.
This reduction can be eliminated by selecting the length of the shortened column as the initial length from which the changes during fire exposure are determined.

It can be observed the increases of the applied current density of reverse pulse leads to reductions of W in the alloys, in agreement with the prior work [3].
An introduction of W atoms into the Ni matrix results in grain size reduction, due to segregation of W atoms to the grain boundaries of Ni, which in turn thermodynamically stabilize the fine grain structure [1, 3, 27].
Fig.3 exemplifies the raw data obtained from the ball-on-disc friction coefficient measurement.
Interestingly, as shown in Fig.4c, a reduction of the individual coating layer thickness leads to an increase of the friction coefficient.

Since commencement of a Clean Air Act (LRV) in Switzerland in 1991 the legal tool exists to enforce NOX reduction in waste incinerators [2].
Different reduction techniques were developed in the 1980s, including selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
Table 1: Defect Classes Class Description Class 1 Free of defects Class 2 Spalled-off piece < ø 20 mm or a crack Class 3 More than one defect of Class 2 Class 4 Spalled-off piece < ø 50 mm, see Fig. 2a Class 5 Combination of defects of Class 2 and 4 Class 6 Spalled-off piece > ø 50 mm Class 7 Combination of defects of Class 6 and 4 or 2, see Fig. 2b Based on the collected data, a diagram for each gas entrance and exit face of the three element layers was drawn, e.g.

The only actual reaction was ICi reduction ICi+O*=ICiOi** (4) also by the enhanced activation of Oi* at 300 oC.
For example, CO reduction or CsO formation was limited either by the [CO] or by [VO].
In short, the irradiation induced the reduction of [Oi] and [Cs] and formation of the major group of VO and CiOi and the minor group of InCiOi.
It can be converted to the relative concentration of complexes normalized to that of –Cs, if the relative conversion coefficient is estimated and the absorbance data is multiplied as follows.

Hydroponic plants have been widely used in wastewater treatment systems because they can efficiently absorb dissolved compounds in the wastewater as nutrients for plant growth[7,8,9].In all these published constructed wastewater experiments there is a very wide range in treatment efficiency between experiments and many of the experiments failed to meet all governmental standards, especially for total nitrogen and phosphorus[10,11].In order to discover how to more efficiently construct treatment smaller scale mesocosm and microcosm experiments have been initiated to test the plant species composition[12,13] The purpose of this research was to determine the relative effect specific plant species have on the reduction of total N(nitrogen) and total P (phosphorus) from wastewater.
Linear regressions were performed within each plant species to determine the possible effect of the RGR on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, but the results were non-significant and therefore we have not included these results.
The reductions of N and P observed in the control samples implied these processes were at work reducing nitrogen and phosphorus.
Alexander, Regional interpretation of water quality monitoring data, Water Resour.

Design weight reduction, at the expense of perforation of the backing, carrying LEDs, provides the less vibration resistance then the front searchlight design with incandescent lamp.
Probably, reduction of the vibration resistance of the front searchlight with perforated backing was conditioned by using LED dimensions.
For the design weight reduction, and also for the vibration resistance rise of the front searchlight with LEDs, the updating of the backing design is required.
Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing, No. 1, (1988) 78-89

Reduction of Reflection Cracking in Bituminous Overlays on Rigid Pavements.
Treatments for Reduction of Reflective Cracking of Asphalt Overlays on Jointed-Concrete Pavements in Georgia.
Heavy Duty Membrane for the Reduction of Reflective Cracking in Bituminous Concrete Overlays.
Computer Applications for Design of Overlays Based on Deflection Data for Flexible Pavements.

The final weight of biofilms samples were achieved to obtain water absorption data.
Biofilm samples Initial weight (g) Final weight (g) Water Absorption (%) Control 0.1303 0.1569 20.41 1 0.1245 0.1689 35.66 2 0.1430 0.2124 48.53 3 0.1485 0.2295 54.55 4 0.1528 0.2541 66.30 5 0.1489 0.2617 75.75 The reduction in absorbed water then leads to a decrease in the amount of hydrolyzed biofilm polymer chains.
A reduction in molecular weight or shortening of the long chain was caused by chemical degradation reactions in linear polymers.
Due to the apparent biofilm composition, the scale of this weight reduction was a natural substance that was digested rapidly by microorganisms.

Later, the crystallite size and lattice strain from XRD data were calculated using Williamson-Hall formula as shown in Eq (1) [20].
This peak reduction is also attributed to the reduction in crystallite size and lattice strain.
From Fig.2, it shows that the reduction in crystallite size and the increase in the lattice strain with respect to the milling time is due to the diffusion of elements to become solid solution strengthening.