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Thereby it was possible for the first time to reveal quantitative data of the effect of microstructural barriers on short fatigue crack growth. 1 Introduction The fatigue problem is technically divided in two different demands: Calculating the lifetime of a component and improving the fatigue resistance of a material.
Fig.2 a) FIB notch initiated directly on the preferred (111)-slip plane calculated from the EBSD data.
Using this diagram, C and n can be calculated by fitting the crack growth data according to Eq.2.
This data was used to calculate the benefit in life time and the crack growth velocity (Fig.4b).
However, in this case the reduction of the crack propagation rate near the grain boundary was not due to the inclination angle between the slip systems but due to the precipitates which had to be overcome by producing additional surface steps which is nearly the same effect as described above.

Statistical data were collected and utilized for driving quality and yield continuous improvement.
PSL spheres deposited on a SmartSiCTM substrate (left) and scattering response calibration (right) N=396 This procedure allowed us to collect statistical and comparable data in a production environment both for donor wafers (single-crystal SiC) and for SmartSiCTM engineered substrates.
Fig. 6 shows the statistical data for both populations at 300 nm minimum threshold.
Statistical data collected showed that SiC engineered substrates surface defect density is comparable to single-crystal bulk substrates used as donors down to 300 nm inspection threshold.
Cela et al., “Crystal originated defect monitoring and reduction in production grade SmartSiC™ engineered substrates.”

According to expert investigation data, entropy method and maximum membership degree are employed to determine the weight of each index and do comprehensive evaluation respectively.
normalized matrix is obtained: According to the third formula, the entropy of the jth targets is obtained: According to the fourth formula, entropy weights of sub-targets are: Similarly, according to the formula（1）, （2）, （3）and（4）, the entropy of other rule layer indicators are calculated: Table 2 Index system and weight results Total target Rule layer Index layer Weight Total benefits of reinforced mortar perfusion machine Economic benefit Profit ratio of sales 0.032 Comprehensive cost saving quantity 0.023 Turnover rate of funds 0.033 GDP growth 0.063 Growth rate of per capita disposable income 0.041 Local fiscal revenue growth 0.056 Social benefit Employment per unit of investment 0.076 Improving the quality of workers 0.031 Ability of driving the related industries employment 0.057 Degree of promoting the economic development 0.028 Influence of social security and stability 0.068 Impact of basic service facilities 0.085 Eco-efficiency Ratio of waste reduction

The experiments have watched also the evolution of hardening temperatures for these pellets, the data was interpreted in the form of charts in Excel.
In all three cases the iron component is present in the form of oxides. 4) XRD and SEM analysis gives images and comprehensive analysis to characterize the different crystalline samples Conclusions After experimenting for one recipe results following conclusions: 1) The degree of reduction of the two samples is almost insignificant; 2) Concentration of Fe2O3 (magnetite) is higher in the case of the second sample, and the concentration of MgFe2O4 in the first sample than in the second; 3) The influence of the quality of the pellets was directly influented by the chemical composition and mineralogy of the components of the formulation; 4) Working conditions led to the formation of Fe2O3; Oxidation of magnetite particles begin at temperatures below 400oC, and in this process of conversion, hematite points will form points between points of magnetite [5]; 6) Each magnetite concentrate has its own physicochemical characteristics resulting from the impurities of the ore and

But under strong earthquake actions, the research of seismic behavior is presently limited to theoretical calculation and there are no test results or observation data.
Table 2 Artificially synthesized seismic wave parameters Parameter name Frequently earthquake for Intensity 7 Rarely earthquake for Intensity 7 maximum value of the seismic acceleration Maximum value of horizontal seismic influence coefficient 0.08 0.5 Characteristic period value 0.3s 0.3s Time rising duration 9s 10.8s Stationary time duration 21s 14.4s Reduction time duration 10s 10.8s Total duration 30s 36s Attenuation coefficient 0.9 1.0 Introduction to Test Device Fig. 5 Test device.
Apart from control displacement; other displacements will be collected by the IMP data acquisition system.
Column Stiffness [KN/mm] Column top [mm] (percentage) Spring [mm] (percentage) Column top [mm] ( percentage) Spring [mm] ( percentage) C1 32.38 9.118 (80.6%) 2.194 (19.4%) 81.247 (92.1%) 6.965 (7.9%) C2 44.79 8.726 (77.1%) 2.586 (22.9%) 68.300 (77.4%) 19.912 (22.6%) C3 19.65 9.567 (84.6%) 1.745 (15.4%) 75.146 (85.2%) 13.066 (14.8%) C4 37.77 8.284 (73.2%) 3.028 (26.8%) 66.635 (75.5%) 21.577 (24.5%) C6 103.14 7.672 (67.8%) 3.640 (32.2%) 52.006 (59.0%) 36.206 (41.0%) Note: Data of C5 column top displacement meter are not collected because of the failure.

This thesis has achieved automatic modeling, analysis and data processing concerning the hollow floor by python script.
These hollow-fillers cause a noticeable reduction of weight and enable the use of flat plate system without the need of concrete beams, thereby decreasing storey height significantly.
Here, the xyDataListFromField command was used to get the displacement of the floor center (u3_cf) and the FreeBodyFromFaces and writeFreeBodyReport commands were used to get the section force and moment and then store the data into a file (.rpt).
Finally, it’s easy to open a file and access the data by python script.

Results of economic current density determination for 6 – 35 kV power lines based on minimal discounted costs in terms of modern cost data are presented.
Introduction The development strategy for the power grid of the Russian Federation worked out for the period through to 2030 is inseparably associated with the implementation of measures aiming at the reduction of losses of electric power during its transmission through electric mains.
Analysis of the combination of factors affecting economic current density shows that economic current density values contained in the respective tables using various variants of input data should be recalculated to enable the use of traditional methods for economically viable wire and cable cross-section selection on the basis of economic current density.
Consequently, these tables should be renewed occasionally in accordance to input data changes.

Based on the experimental data, the strain rate sensitivity factors m were calculated.
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 2 Relationships between strain rate and flow stress The relationship between and for given strain and temperature can be fitted by the following cubic polynomial: (1) And the strain rate sensitivity parameters m is obtained as (2) Thus, m can be calculated by (3) The curve obtained by Eq.1 and the experimental data are shown in Fig.3.
It can be found that the fitted curves are in good agreement with experimental data.
When blisk forgings average reduction height is approximately 50% (corresponding strain 0.6), the average strain rate within blisk is about 10 s-1.

On the real multilayer weld will be described how to arrange whole experiment in order to obtain not only relevant input data but also verification data.
This approximately corresponds to a reduction in CO2 emissions by 30% [2].
The information obtained from the simulations can be used to support or develop a methodology how to obtain not only input data, but also data which verify the validity and suitability of the computational procedures that are used.
Mechanical analysis uses the results of the temperature-metallurgical analysis as input data and the most common results here are mainly stress and strain fields [4].
The determined geometrical data, which are necessary to define Goldak´s heat source model, are shown in the Table 3.

The data collected in terms of images and characteristics of the deterioration is recorded on a qualitative basis in the data log.
Jaselskis et al. deployed laser scanning to acquire the bridge as-built data [10].
In the second step, two types of data collection were carried out: (1) Point Cloud data through BLK 360 laser scanner and (2) Images of the OHWT (Overhead water tank) using DJI Phantom 4 Pro Drone.
The processed point cloud data and photogrammetry data were then aligned and reconstructed in reality capture and after texturing of the obtained mesh, the as-built model was completed.
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 72, 102824