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Membrane separations as alternative technologies have received significant attention because of their potential for carbon and energy reduction.
Selective species MOF Selectivity Isosteric heat Qst/kJmol-1 Breakthrough experiment data Ethylene/Ethane uptake capacity Ethylene-selective [CuI@UiO-66-(COOH)2][4] 80.8 48.5 for ethylene Ethylene uptake 1.92 molkg-1 Ethylene: 2.14 mmolg-1 at 1 bar Ni-gallate[5] - 32 for ethylene Complete separation - Mg-gallate[5] - 39 for ethylene - Co-gallate[5] 52 44 for ethylene Ethylene: 3.37 mmolg-1 at 298 K, 1 bar [Ca(C4O4)(H2O)] (UTSA-280) [6] Exceeding 10000 20.5 to 35.0 for ethylene Ethylene productivity 1.86 molkg-1 Ethylene: 2.5 mmolg-1 at 298 K, 1 bar; Ethane: 0.098 mmolg-1 Ethane-selective [Cr-BTC(O2)] [7] Over 3 at low pressure 37.2 and 23.5 for ethane and ethylene respectively no noticeable loss of C2H4/C2H6 separation capacity Ethylene: 2.89 mmolg-1 at 298 K, 1 bar; Ethane: 3.30 mmolg-1 [Fe2(O2)(dobdc)] [8] Higher than top-performing MOFs 66.8 for ethane Complete separation Ethane: 74.3 cm3g-1 [Ca(H2tcpb)] [9] 2.0 35.1 and 26.8 for ethane and ethylene respectively - - [Cu(ina)2] [10] 1.3
If these MOFs are applied to an industrial scale, there will be a significant reduction in energy and emissions associated with ethylene/ethane separation.
The reduction of carbon dioxide emission would help to relieve the greenhouse effect and meet the emission target set by the Kyoto Protocol.

According to a statistics data of a shale gas well site platform in southwest [4], from August to November, there occurred seventeen corrosion leakage accidents of the gathering pipeline tee, the majority of the pipelines or pipe fittings are leading to a corrosion perforation failure during a times of two month and one year.
The measuring result showed that there was a severely reduction of the wall thickness, and the most reduction was in the 180° position, in which the wall thickness reduction could be as big as 51.6%, considering that the tee has only been in service for 165 days, the corrosion rate of the tee could be calculated for 5.73 mm/a.

The data are shown in Figure 3 where the carriers concentration and types are depicted with the PEDOT:PSS/isopropanol volume ratios.
The results are tentatively ascribed to a significant reduction of PSS content and thus reduction of the hopping distance between PEDOT chains as converted from benzoid to quinoid where quinoid structure makes the movement of charge carries much easier cross the remaining PSS into PEDOT [14].
We ascribe such remarkable improvement of the film surface roughness to be due to the significant reduction of the non-conductive PSS in the structure.

Load deflection behaviour Load deflection curves were produced using the data from the experiment, as shown in Fig.8.
Displacement ductility The displacement ductility of a structural member of geopolymer concrete beam ability is to withstand large deformations after the yielding of tensile reinforcement without significant load reduction.
Further increase in sodium hydroxide concentration from 16 M, reduction in compressive strength of geopolymer concrete is observed.
To control global warming society needs to think about alternative material to cement from carbon dioxide reduction point of view There is a need to think about new technology to make this concrete user friendly considering handling of chemicals aspect.

This FE model has further been used to investigate the process boundaries of a typical roll bonding pass in terms of achievable height reductions.
The height reduction is 0.3% according to [7].
Its left neighbor tends to elongate in rolling direction because of the height reduction.
A temperature dependent bond strength model will be developed based on experimental data and implemented into the presented framework in the future to come another step closer to a fully coupled multi-pass roll bonding model.

However, the fatigue life of the material could not be improved by the HIP treatment and the effect was only seen as a reduction in cycle-to-failure spread.
On AM parts, these include surface roughness reduction and added compressive stresses on the surface [11].
Grain size reduction post-SSP treatment is also visually discernible, with an observable increase in the number of grain boundaries closer to the surface.
The obtained stress-strain curves from the tensile tests are collected in Fig. 5 and the numerical data for the mechanical properties are collected in Table 2.

For chromia-forming alloys, favourable effects appear, enhancing the alloy lifetime : (i) decrease of the Cr content required to develop a continuous Cr2O3 protective layer, (ii) reduction of the oxidation rate, (iii) increase of oxide scale adherence and spallation resistance.
Reduction of dissolved oxygen and water leads to a local rise in pH at the surface of the cathode.
The deposited compound is not Y(OH)3, as one could expect, but an yttrium hydroxynitrate hydrate (Y2(OH)6-x(NO3)x.H2O, JCPDS data file 32-1435).
Moreover, SEM observations have demonstrated the effect of yttrium oxide coating on the reduction of the oxide grain size.

It direct weaken the euphotic depth of ocean water column which reduction marine primary productivity lead to phytoplankton biomass decrease (see table 2).
So, Phytoplankton biomass reduction will make zooplkton biomass decrease in unit ocean water which make phytoplankton for bait.
That using these zooplankton as food of fishery due to baits smallness lead to fishery resources reduction.
According to experimental data, when suspended matters content up to 80 000mg/L, the fish at best survive one day, when content up to 6000mg/L, the fish at best survive one week. 2.3 Filling cofferdam area effect to marine ecological environment (1) Direct effect.

Introduction Light weight magnesium alloys are preferred in automobile and aircraft industries where reduction in weight is a major concern.
Followed by a reduction in the rate of increase in voltage, and further as the treatment continued, the rate of change in the voltage was reduced drastically.
Therefore, samples with porous and rougher surface morphology exhibited a reduction in corrosion resistance.
Electrochemical data of base alloy, R1, R2, R3 and R4 samples obtained by potentiodynamic polarization in 0.1M NaCl solution Sample code Ecorr (mV) Icorr(mA/cm2) βa(mV) βc(mV) Rp (Ω.cm-2) Base alloy -1503.482 0.0172 54.678 101.512 897.12 R1 -273.175 2.85×10-4 167.866 140.884 1.16×105 R2 -309.666 4.5×10-4 156.579 108.790 6.19×104 R3 -120.73 3.23×10-6 179.308 129.743 1.01×107 R4 -165.76 6.80×10-5 90.745 92.607 2.92×105 Fig 4.

Load, strain, deflection, et al. were recorded by data acquisition system IMP and stored by computer.
It may be caused by installation and loading errors so that in the process of loading, out-of-plane deformation might cause a reduction in the in-plane bending stiffness and an increase in the actual deflections.
The influence of mechanical properties on the calculated results The process of welding may cause a reduction in stiffness of the stainless steel member.
This may be caused by the fact that there are no lateral bracings for specimens BD-2~BD-4, the lateral deformation may result in a reduction in the stiffness of the beam in the experiment, and therefore, the experimental deflections are greater than the calculated results.