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Online since: November 2015
Authors: Paul Dan Brîndaşu, Raluca Diaconu
Obtained data.
By using the Product Lifecycle Management concept in the pre-design stage, the possible technical solutions deriving from the obtained data can be determined (through different creative methods) and through different algorithms, the optimum one can be selected (Figure 2).
Function-contradiction matrix using A-Navigators Simple model equipment Descriptive function (Equivalent) Specialized A – Navigators Descriptive contradiction Equipment resulted functions Function ideas TRIZ equivalent function ideas TRIZ equivalent contradictions Function contradictions monitoring devices equipment protection 03. level of automation 25. time loss time loss 01. productivity low productivity 24. functional time of fixed obj. durability 20. volume Space As output data, TRIZ will return the sum of all specialised A-Navigators hierarchized according to Appendix 4.
This solution eases the position recognition for each formwork equipment component by insertion computer chips with mounting technology data.
When taking a future step and manufacturing the product the idea is to envision a significant time loss reduction in assembling/ dismantling the formwork, enclose the development flow chart, another goal is to avoid devious mantling by using a coding Poka-yoke system, the structural parts will be of high resistance, durability and the cost management will be significant because of the use of composite materials, an optimum inventory of the formwork modules (with the help of the algorithm) will be designed and also the productivity parameter will increase adding to the equipment a guidance and fixing system.
By using the Product Lifecycle Management concept in the pre-design stage, the possible technical solutions deriving from the obtained data can be determined (through different creative methods) and through different algorithms, the optimum one can be selected (Figure 2).
Function-contradiction matrix using A-Navigators Simple model equipment Descriptive function (Equivalent) Specialized A – Navigators Descriptive contradiction Equipment resulted functions Function ideas TRIZ equivalent function ideas TRIZ equivalent contradictions Function contradictions monitoring devices equipment protection 03. level of automation 25. time loss time loss 01. productivity low productivity 24. functional time of fixed obj. durability 20. volume Space As output data, TRIZ will return the sum of all specialised A-Navigators hierarchized according to Appendix 4.
This solution eases the position recognition for each formwork equipment component by insertion computer chips with mounting technology data.
When taking a future step and manufacturing the product the idea is to envision a significant time loss reduction in assembling/ dismantling the formwork, enclose the development flow chart, another goal is to avoid devious mantling by using a coding Poka-yoke system, the structural parts will be of high resistance, durability and the cost management will be significant because of the use of composite materials, an optimum inventory of the formwork modules (with the help of the algorithm) will be designed and also the productivity parameter will increase adding to the equipment a guidance and fixing system.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Zhong Tang Wang, Shi Hong Zhang, Guang Xia Qi
Many countries scholar had made use of experiment to
get various data of stress and strain and strain-rate and temperature, and then adopted statistical
regression to establish mathematical representation
[5].
The experiment temperature was 1030℃, 1060℃, 1090℃, 1120℃, and the strain-rate was 0.001,0.01,0.1,1, and reduction was 50%.
{ } ( )Td d RnQ p 1 )] ln[sinh(ασ = (5) Analysis of results According to the experiment data, the curves of pσε lnln −� and pσε−�ln and ( )[ ] Tp1 sinhln −ασ can be obtained, seeing Fig.3.
According to formulas (3),(4) and (5), the coefficients (n,α,Q,A) can be determined by experiment data.
According to the data of experiment, the strain-rate sensitivity coefficient and temperature sensitivity coefficient have been put forward, m=0.1688, s=10233. 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 ln(strain rate) ln(peak stress) 1303K 1333K 1363K 1393K 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 ln(strain rate) p e a k s t r e s s / M P a1303K 1333K 1363K 1393K -2 -1 0 1 2 3 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 10000/T ln[sinh(α σ p)] 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 (a) pσε lnln −� (b) pσε−�ln (c) ( )[ ] Tp1 sinhln −ασ Fig.3 Relation of peak stress and train and temperature ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) − ×= ≥ − ×= ≤ − ×= stressallFor RT when RT when RT 426777 exp)]1405.0[sinh(10894.1 5.197 426777 exp1405.0exp101278.0 7.61 426777 exp 10635.4 891.3 14 14 891.38 σ ε σ σ ε σ σ ε � � � (6) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 strain-rate p e a k - s t r e s s ( M P a )
The experiment temperature was 1030℃, 1060℃, 1090℃, 1120℃, and the strain-rate was 0.001,0.01,0.1,1, and reduction was 50%.
{ } ( )Td d RnQ p 1 )] ln[sinh(ασ = (5) Analysis of results According to the experiment data, the curves of pσε lnln −� and pσε−�ln and ( )[ ] Tp1 sinhln −ασ can be obtained, seeing Fig.3.
According to formulas (3),(4) and (5), the coefficients (n,α,Q,A) can be determined by experiment data.
According to the data of experiment, the strain-rate sensitivity coefficient and temperature sensitivity coefficient have been put forward, m=0.1688, s=10233. 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 ln(strain rate) ln(peak stress) 1303K 1333K 1363K 1393K 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 ln(strain rate) p e a k s t r e s s / M P a1303K 1333K 1363K 1393K -2 -1 0 1 2 3 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 10000/T ln[sinh(α σ p)] 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 (a) pσε lnln −� (b) pσε−�ln (c) ( )[ ] Tp1 sinhln −ασ Fig.3 Relation of peak stress and train and temperature ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) − ×= ≥ − ×= ≤ − ×= stressallFor RT when RT when RT 426777 exp)]1405.0[sinh(10894.1 5.197 426777 exp1405.0exp101278.0 7.61 426777 exp 10635.4 891.3 14 14 891.38 σ ε σ σ ε σ σ ε � � � (6) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 strain-rate p e a k - s t r e s s ( M P a )
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Li Xin Wang, Xiao Chao
Introduction
With the remarkable reduction of device sizes in the Power MOSFET, enormous cells integrated in the same chip [1].
According to the data source of American Air Force Avionics Integrity Program [2], the percent of temperature failure in major causes of electronic failures is even about 55% , as illustrated in Figure1.
Wiener filter is used due to the effective operation and not exact estimation of observed data [7].
Structure function of device in TO-39 package TABLE I.Material properties of device in TO-39 package Layer Thickness Area Material Properties Chip 260um 7000×5500um2 Silicon λ=148W/mK Die Attach 150um 7500×6000um2 Solder λ=15W/mK Leadframe 1.2mm 15×0.99mm2 Copper λ=350W/mK Using the TABLE I data Rth-chip of the silicon can be calculated as Rth-chip = L/λA=0.052 K/W (6) Using similar procedures as above it can be easily demonstrated that Rth-solder= L/λA=0.220 K/W (7) Rth-copper= L/λA=0.230 K/W (8) The total thermal resistance of device package in TO-39 is Rth= Rth-chip + Rth-solder + Rth-copper =0.502 K/W (9) These resistance values will be applied to mark the corresponding physical regions in structure function(see Figure6).
The Wiener filter method has been presented and it has been applied to the experimental data.
According to the data source of American Air Force Avionics Integrity Program [2], the percent of temperature failure in major causes of electronic failures is even about 55% , as illustrated in Figure1.
Wiener filter is used due to the effective operation and not exact estimation of observed data [7].
Structure function of device in TO-39 package TABLE I.Material properties of device in TO-39 package Layer Thickness Area Material Properties Chip 260um 7000×5500um2 Silicon λ=148W/mK Die Attach 150um 7500×6000um2 Solder λ=15W/mK Leadframe 1.2mm 15×0.99mm2 Copper λ=350W/mK Using the TABLE I data Rth-chip of the silicon can be calculated as Rth-chip = L/λA=0.052 K/W (6) Using similar procedures as above it can be easily demonstrated that Rth-solder= L/λA=0.220 K/W (7) Rth-copper= L/λA=0.230 K/W (8) The total thermal resistance of device package in TO-39 is Rth= Rth-chip + Rth-solder + Rth-copper =0.502 K/W (9) These resistance values will be applied to mark the corresponding physical regions in structure function(see Figure6).
The Wiener filter method has been presented and it has been applied to the experimental data.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: It Meng Low, Zeya Oo, M. Avdeev, Jens Petter Palmquist
The green sample with
dimensions 10×10×60 mm3 was initially pre-sintered in
vacuum at 1400
o
C for 2h to increase its strength through
porosity reduction (∼40%) prior to the neutron study.
The neutron diffraction data collection was performed using a medium resolution powder diffractometer (MRPD).
The collection of SIMS and MRPD data was conducted at ANSTO with financial support from AINSE (05/106 & 06247).
O'Connor for advice on the Rietveld analysis of ND data.
Atanacio of ANSTO assisted with the collection of SIMS data.
The neutron diffraction data collection was performed using a medium resolution powder diffractometer (MRPD).
The collection of SIMS and MRPD data was conducted at ANSTO with financial support from AINSE (05/106 & 06247).
O'Connor for advice on the Rietveld analysis of ND data.
Atanacio of ANSTO assisted with the collection of SIMS data.
Online since: August 2004
Authors: Kenji Toda, Mineo Sato, Kazuyoshi Uematsu, Saori Tokuoka, Hiroki Sato, Akira Sugawara, Alexie A. Bokov, Zuo Guang Ye
Both data showed that the
niobate nanosheets consist of distorted Nb-O polyhedra with a low coordination number.
In the present work, we deduced the reaction mechanism based on the data obtained from the UV-Vis and Nb K-edge XAFS (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopy.
Normalization of XANES and data reduction and curve-fitting analysis of EXAFS were carried out as described elsewhere [6].
The K-edge XAFS (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopic data showed that the niobate nanosheets consist of distorted Nb-O polyhedra with low a coordination number.
In the present work, we deduced the reaction mechanism based on the data obtained from the UV-Vis and Nb K-edge XAFS (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopy.
Normalization of XANES and data reduction and curve-fitting analysis of EXAFS were carried out as described elsewhere [6].
The K-edge XAFS (XANES/EXAFS) spectroscopic data showed that the niobate nanosheets consist of distorted Nb-O polyhedra with low a coordination number.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Lucian Mândrea, Corina Cipu, Gabriela Oprina, Corina Băbuţanu
At a more pronounced reduction of the valve cross section area, the pressure downstream the valve can drop to the pressure of vaporization; then the cavitation occurs and it causes a deeper modification of the general flow through the closed circuit test rig.
Also, the circuit is equipped with a data acquisition board which collects and sends the data to a computer located in the proximity of the test rig.
With the data acquisition board all the values of interest can be stored in a computer and used by the butterfly valve beneficiary.
The analysis of these data is very useful in determining the range values of the butterfly valve closing device which assure its safe operation, with no cavitation regimes.
Also, the circuit is equipped with a data acquisition board which collects and sends the data to a computer located in the proximity of the test rig.
With the data acquisition board all the values of interest can be stored in a computer and used by the butterfly valve beneficiary.
The analysis of these data is very useful in determining the range values of the butterfly valve closing device which assure its safe operation, with no cavitation regimes.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Martin Hauck, Heiko B. Weber, M. Krieger, Julietta Weisse, Gregor Pobegen
Therefore, k0 is optimized to make the result of the calculation consistent by maximizing the overlap of pEA data at different temperatures.
The derivative in eq. (1) increases the noise in the data.
Therefore, the transient data is smoothed using a spline fit on logarithmic time axis before computing the derivative.
Additionally, the measurements at colder temperatures reveal that the beneficial impact of the NO anneal includes a reduction of the density of these defects by about one order of magnitude.
The evaluation of the measurement data reveals an energy barrier for electron trapping into SiO2 of approximately 0.35 eV.
The derivative in eq. (1) increases the noise in the data.
Therefore, the transient data is smoothed using a spline fit on logarithmic time axis before computing the derivative.
Additionally, the measurements at colder temperatures reveal that the beneficial impact of the NO anneal includes a reduction of the density of these defects by about one order of magnitude.
The evaluation of the measurement data reveals an energy barrier for electron trapping into SiO2 of approximately 0.35 eV.
Online since: November 2007
Authors: Serena Best, William Bonfield, Jie Huang, Roger A. Brooks, Shuo Zou, Neil Rushton
Alamar Blue (Serotec, UK) reduction was measured to determine cell growth and alkaline
phosphatase activity was assessed in osteoblasts using the substrate 6,8-Difluoro-4methylumbelliferyl
phosphate.
These data were superimposed on sections stained using toluidine blue and the results were compared.
Data from the in-vivo study obtained from the toluidine blue -stained histological sections showed that that the presence of Si in the HA structure enhanced bone apposition.
The data obtained indicated the action of osteoclast cells in advance of osteoblastic activity to lay down new bone.
The data suggest that the optimum composition is 0.8wt% SiHA.
These data were superimposed on sections stained using toluidine blue and the results were compared.
Data from the in-vivo study obtained from the toluidine blue -stained histological sections showed that that the presence of Si in the HA structure enhanced bone apposition.
The data obtained indicated the action of osteoclast cells in advance of osteoblastic activity to lay down new bone.
The data suggest that the optimum composition is 0.8wt% SiHA.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Yan Li, Jian Guo Cui, Ji Yu Wu, Xiao Jing Yao, Hong Wang, Yang Yang Liu
Introduction
There are 0.18 billion patients with diabetes in the world in 2008, and the number of patients will increase more than twice until 2030 according to the data of WHO[1].
Diabetics have to face a big problem of blood glucose detection, where traditional phlebotomy detection method takes the advantage of accurate data, high precision, but it need long detection time and high cost.
The blood collected from finger-stick drips in blood glucose meter and the instrument automatically display data after 25s, thus a kind of portable and home use glucose detecting instrument is available.
From figure 2 we can get that the ratio that the oxidation peak current (ipa) divides the reduction peak current (ipc) is close to 1 and the peak current and the square root of the scan rate are a linear relationship.
The test is repeated 10 times and data of the 10 tests are recorded.
Diabetics have to face a big problem of blood glucose detection, where traditional phlebotomy detection method takes the advantage of accurate data, high precision, but it need long detection time and high cost.
The blood collected from finger-stick drips in blood glucose meter and the instrument automatically display data after 25s, thus a kind of portable and home use glucose detecting instrument is available.
From figure 2 we can get that the ratio that the oxidation peak current (ipa) divides the reduction peak current (ipc) is close to 1 and the peak current and the square root of the scan rate are a linear relationship.
The test is repeated 10 times and data of the 10 tests are recorded.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Dong Jian Zheng, Zao Yao, Lai Feng You, Duo Zhen Tang, Cheng Ma, Geng Feng
In structural reliability analysis, the limit state of the structure can be represented by performance function, just as shown in formula (1):
Z=ωR-S (0<ω≤1) (1)
In this formula, R means the resistance of structure; S represents the force effect; ω indicates the reduction factor which due to the human factors and other factors, The greater the influence factors, the smaller the ω.
In addition, MATLAB has powerful scientific computing and data processing capabilities, so users can quickly manipulate data sets in various forms.
Substitute the relevant data into the formula (5), we conclude that: f(131.225γ-1280.74)-1061.1=0.
Substitute the relevant data into the formula (6), we conclude that: R-13.9054γ-8.4202=0.
In addition, MATLAB has powerful scientific computing and data processing capabilities, so users can quickly manipulate data sets in various forms.
Substitute the relevant data into the formula (5), we conclude that: f(131.225γ-1280.74)-1061.1=0.
Substitute the relevant data into the formula (6), we conclude that: R-13.9054γ-8.4202=0.