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(a) Schematic diagram of an integral measuring setup and illustration of the measured data.
A differentiation of the collected data provides the relative Seebeck coefficient Sab according to Eq. 1 (compare schematic diagram in Fig. 1a bottom): SabThot = SbThot - SaThot = d UabTref,Thotd T [µV/°C] (1) where Sa is the absolute Seebeck coefficient of the reference material and Sb the absolute Seebeck coefficient of the sample`s material.
Besides the initial state of the material, thickness reductions of 50 and 88 percent were adjusted.
Additional the calculated standard deviation for exemplarily three temperature points illustrate the low variation of the measured data.
This provokes a reduction of thermoelectric voltage and consequently the relative Seebeck coefficient as seen in Fig. 3.

The data are explained by a strong enhancement of TD growth at a sufficiently high concentration of self-interstitials.
The structural type of the grown-in microdefects changed through the crystal, from vacancy (V) type to self-interstitial (I) type, due to a transient reduction in the pull rate.
This accounts for an abrupt reduction in N(t) at some moment (Fig.3a, curve 2).
This mechanism of the cooling rate effect on the TD generation can be also applied to the previously reported data [5].
The present data on the sensitivity of TD kinetics to the structural type of silicon material suggest that the basic self-interstitial effect is to reduce the lifetime of TDs.

Sintering is an important stage in the manufacture of the majority of the ceramic products and in the sintering process the ceramic product suffers significant alterations as for example, reduction in the specific surface area and in the apparent volume and improvement in the microstructure and mechanical characteristics [7, 8].
XRD data of Ba2HoWO5.5 obtained from the XRD spectrum are tabulated in Table 1.
The lattice parameter of Ba2HoWO5.5, calculated from the experimental XRD data is aexp = 8.3945 Å.
Microstructural features of Ba2HoWO5.5 sintered ceramics, both on polished and fractured surfaces, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, using secondary and back-scattered electrons. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 (844) (842) (642) (533) (620) (422) (420) (440) (331) (400) (322)(311) (220) (200) (111) Ba2HoWO5,5 Intensity (a. u.) 2θ Fig. 1: Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of Ba2HoWO5.5 ceramic, sintered at 1200ºC for 48 h. 2θθθθ d h k l I/I0 19.2374 4.6101 1 1 1 0.2668 26.7250 3.3330 2 0 0 0.3401 31.5583 2.8327 2 2 0 1.0000 37.1080 2.4208 3 1 1 0.1524 38.7257 2.3233 2 2 2 0.0621 45.0644 2.0102 4 0 0 0.2998 48.8940 1.8613 3 3 1 0.0587 53.8131 1.7022 4 2 0 0.0706 55.7940 1.6463 4 2 2 0.3602 59.5246 1.5518 3 3 3 0.0565 65.3681 1.4265 4 4 0 0.1660 74.2819 1.2758 6 2 0 0.1473 82.5685 1.1675 5 3 3 0.0604 85.8699 1.1309 4 4 4 0.0277 90.9211 1.0807 6 4 2 0.1637 Table 1: X - ray diffraction data of Ba2HoWO5.5
The driving force in the sintering process is obtained by the reduction of the total surface energy, which increases the contact and growth between the grains.

Black and white symbols correspond to data obtained from 1.5 µm scans for monotonic and reversal conditions respectively, grey symbols correspond to 0.25 µm scans.
It can be expected that a reduction of the step size will produce a description of the substructure at a finer scale.
The fraction of low angle boundaries within the interval 1º-15º decrease strongly as a result of the reduction of the step size.
Black and white symbols correspond to data obtained from 1.5 µm scans, grey symbols correspond to 0.25 µm scans.
Black and white symbols correspond to data obtained from 1.5 µm scans, grey symbols correspond to 0.25 µm scans.

Finally, the application of the VSSI EWMA loss chart is illustrated by an example, and the data analyses compared the performance among the FP EWMA loss chart and the Shewhart joint charts.
The data were obtained under a full design of , and , which has 27 rows.
Comparing the between the optimal VSSI EWMA loss and FP EWMA average loss chart, we found that all of the optimal VSSI EWMA loss chart are smaller than those of the FP EWMA average loss chart, and the reduction in the detection time is between 7.14% and 34.77% .
Comparing the between the optimal VSSI EWMA loss and charts when =0, we found that all of the optimal VSSI EWMA loss chart are smaller than those of the charts, and the reduction in the detection time is between 84.06% and 49.77% .
Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 54(6) (2010) p. 1634

Even still, tangential leakage ejection causes significant reduction of this vortex system at the same time as the secondary losses decrease at cascade exit.
This study was also supported by a numerical simulation to enhance the understanding of flow field over the endwall especially at the region where data cannot be obtained from the experiment alone.
The measurement system is includes pneumatic 5-holes Pitot tube, traverse device, pressure transducer and data logger which are connected to the computer for data recording.
Since the passage vortex has been predicted to be one of the sources affecting first loss core, any reduction or elimination of the leading edge horse vortex is thought to have little effect on the shape and position of the passage vortex.

Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the software package STATISTICA.
It should be noted, that 6 months after CABG using CPB according to 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT the reduction of cerebral perfusion in the right posterior parietal and superior frontal area persisted in comparison with preoperative levels.
When carrying out individual analysis of the results, we have found that in 12 patients (54.5%) after surgery under CPB in the remote period there was a reduction of rCBF in comparison with the original values, while in 10 patients (45.5%) such significant changes in cerebral perfusion were not identified.
The data we obtained are consistent with the published results of M.F.
The data we obtained have indicated that when CABG is being carried out the certain surgical procedures to prevent cerebrovascular complications or medical prophylaxis of neurocognitive deficit are required.

This method of surface augmentation could be applied to any surface that travels through a flow to reduce the separation and thus aid in drag reduction, such as planes, cars, boats, submarines, and numerous other applications.
The results showed that the drag reduction of copied shark skin is about 8.25% compared to flat plate. 2.0 Objective The objective of current study is to understood how dimples affect a flow by a NACA0018 airfoil with a single span wise row of dimples which produce different aerodynamic characteristic.This research aims to examine the effects that dimple geometry and placement has on dimple flow dynamics.
Analysis data of plain wing, circular dimpled wing and octagon dimpled wing are given below.
Table 6: Plain wing Data Angle of Attack (Degree) Coefficient of Lift (CL) Coefficient of Drag (CD) 0 0.0458305 0.112212 2.5 0.344213 0.12453 6 0.804967 0.183618 9.5 1.26917 0.289293 13 1.74752 0.444372 16.5 2.24607 0.655314 18 1.98668 0.646057 Table 7: Analysis of Data Angle of Attack (Degree) Circular dimpled wing Octagon dimpled wing Coefficient of Lift (CL) Coefficient of Drag (CD) Coefficient of Lift (CL) Coefficient of Drag (CD) 0.0 0.1721 0.1174 -0.082433 0.148288 2.5 0.5285 0.1362 1.23611 0.162578 6.0 1.0156 0.2028 2.97153 0.230718 9.5 1.4687 0.3300 4.34908 0.376054 13.0 2.0006 0.4839 5.12049 0.577965 16.5 2.6241 0.7311 5.31868 0.855258 18.0 2.90485 0.860944 5.3369 1.00031 20.0 2.9097 0.8619 5.30807 1.2789 21.0 3.3136 1.0937 5.18355 1.63037 23.0 3.57493 1.32711 5.08934 1.92279 25.0 3.6805 1.50088 4.91659 2.00916 26.0 3.47231 1.64764 4.7529 2.5714

The power for the drive system is delivered from the engine and through the belt drive device, CVT, clutch, gearbox, main drive, differential and hub reduction gears, ultimately to the front wheels.
By restraining coincident, the two datum axises meeting each other is defined as a constraint in the assembling environment.
The drawn datum axis for the driven gear in Pro/E is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1 Defined datum axis before assembling Construction and solution of the finite element model.
Gear pairs Z1—Z2 Remark First (in the transmission) 17—39 — Second (in the transmission) 15—41 Modified Main drive 16—70 Modified Hub reduction 11—85 Modified Fig.8 Constitution of the gear assembly Table 3 Teeth number of gear pair Construction of the virtual prototype model.

Finally, we tested and verified the rationality of the model and the algorithm with actual data.
[6] Wenming Cao, Clifford Manifold Learning for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction,CHINESE JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS,2009.10, 650-654 [7] Cao Wenming, Wang Shoujue .Manifold covering theory in biomimetic pattern recognition ,CHINESE JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS,OCT 2007,16 (4):640-643