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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Aneta Krzyżak, Jakub Prażmo, Wojciech Kucharczyk
During the research, the average air temperature, mean relative humidity and the amount of precipitation varied as shown in Figure 1 (data were obtained from the local meteorological station).
The thermal data tests were carried out by using a DSC 821 Mettler Toledo apparatus (Japan) and STARe software (version 9.01).
Most of the samples (PPH 15GF, PPH 25GF, PPH 30GF, PPH EP, PPH 10T) air-conditioned from the first month, showed an increase in transverse shrinkage values​​, meaning a reduction in the width of the molded parts.
However, we noted a sudden reduction in the value of hardness during the second month of exposure.
Online since: March 2024
Authors: Yofentina Iriani, Didier Fasquelle, Emelia Kristin Apriliana Ardi
Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem, including ozonation, membrane filtration, bio absorption, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, catalytic reduction, and coagulation [1].
Then, the pairs will undergo further oxidation and reduction reactions with the reactants adsorbed on the semiconductor surface to produce the desired degradation product [2].
From the XRD results, 2θ and intensity data were obtained and used to calculate the crystal size using the Scherer equation as Eq. (1)
The absorbance data obtained was then exploited to estimate the %degradation using Eq. (2).
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Xiao Lu Yuan, Bei Xing Li, Shi Hua Zhou
However, present research is mainly concentrated on the scaling of concrete, and few data are available on mechanical properties and permeability of concrete, which is most concerned by the field construction [6-8].
Replacement of Portland cement with fly ash from 10% to 20% achieved the reduction in chloride ion diffusion coefficient throughout exposure.
The macroscopic experimental data provided above indicate that the incorporation of mineral admixtures and air-entraining agent possesses more effect on internal deterioration, mechanical properties and permeability of concrete than on the scaling of concrete.
However, 20% addition of fly ash decreases concrete strength throughout exposure despite reduction in the loss of strength.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Xin Song, Shao Yuan Bai, Jian Xu
Clogging is mainly due to materials accumulation and the microbe growth within the substratum pores that caused remarkable reduction of hydraulic conductivity, then leads clogging.
However, the oxidation-reduction potential in the substratum decrease when the organic matter, accumulates in the substratum pores, and then anaerobic environment formed, the microbial extracellular polymeric accumulates rapidly.
Besides, it’s lack of contrast experiment data in tracer tests, and matter accumulation is not a simple linear relation, which causes simulation result obviously difference with actual situation.
However, tracer tests to correct parameters for improving simulation results and providing rational design data.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Ji Cheng Zhang, Kao Ping Song, Rui Gao
The phase parameters fit of layer fluid Applying state equation phase analysis software, we calculated and fit the data which comes from the laboratory experiments such as constant inflation experiment, isometric depletion experiment and multiple contact deaeration experiment.
Fitting the experimental data with the original reservoir fluid saturation pressure, and a single flash vaporization and the gas injection bloating experiments, we can definitely gain the reservoir fluid pseudo-component characteristics.
The more significant the gases and liquids differentiation phenomenon is, the shorter the time the gas takes to breakthrough, and it also can be seen a significant reduction in the volumetric conformance efficiency of CO2 gas, resulting in a decline in degree of reserve recovery.
And with the reduction of the permeability of cross flow channel, the degree of reserve recovery of CO2 flooding decreases
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Vygaudas Kvedaras, Rokas Kvedaras, Tomas Ustinavičius
Implementation of digital processing has enabled further internal noise influence reduction of sampling head and therefore increased measurement accuracy.
Block Diagram One of the methods for further reduction of tester's internal noise level and for improvement of efficiency of digital signal processing algorithms without increasing analysis duration is to develop a new specialized sampling tester.
C1, C2 - frequency dividers; CO - quartz oscillator; NCO - numerically controlled oscillator; SH1, SH2, SH3 - sampling heads; TPS - test pulse shaper, SPS - sampling pulse shaper, Ampl1, Ampl2, Ampl3 - amplifiers; ADC - analog to digital converter; Commut - commutator; PORT - port to connect PC; FIFO - Data memory - First Input First Output.
Kvedaras: in High Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing No. 5 (1985), p. 97
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Adil Ahmad, Khalid Moin
Design seismic base shear: The design seismic base shear force, VB WAV hB = (1) W = seismic weight of the building, hA = The design horizontal seismic coefficient g*R* 2 S*I*Z a =hA (2) Z = Zone factor, table 2 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 I/R = Ratio of importance factor and response reduction factor (Table 6 and 7 of IS 1893 Part 1:2002) Sa/g=Average response acceleration coefficient based on soil type, on natural period and damping of the structure.
Basic Data For Seismic Force Determination (Amaan et al. 2009) Type of Building = Symmetric Heritage Building, Number of Story = G + 2 Material of Building = Sand Stone, Unit weight of material = 22kN/m3 Modulus of Elasticity = 30kN/m2, Design Compressive Strength =2.5N/mm2 Soil type = Hard Soil, Height of Building (h) = 21.65m Base Dimension (d) = 58.63 m, Seismic Zone = IV Zone factor (Z) = 0.24, Importance factor (I) = 1.5 Response Reduction Factor (R) = 1.5, Damping factor (D) = 10% Live load on 1st Floor = 5kN/m2, Live load on 2nd Floor and roof =3kN/m2 Permissible Stresses for Design The permissible stresses for materials used in the building are: Fa (compressive) = 2500 kN/m2, Fb (bending) = 3125 kN/m2 and fs (shear) = 200 kN/m2 Since, the building is very old, it is estimated that the above permissible stresses may be reduced to fifty percent to evaluate the present overall seismic strength of the building
Discussion of Results Based on the analytical models of the identified existing building and its requisite data, the results of the analysis have been summarized in the Tables 1 to 131 elsewhere for all the wall piers situated in the longitudinal and transverse directions, for the unidirectional occurrence of earthquake ground shaking at a time (Amaan et al. 2009).
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Gang Jun Zhai, Zhe Ma, Hee Min Teh, Vengatesan Venugopal
The results showed reduction in wave transmission with increase in breakwater size and draft.
The experimental results showed wave reflection was the primary hydraulic mechanism of wave energy reduction, with the maximum reflected wave energy of approximately 65% in irregular seas.
The model construction, experimental procedure and measurements, analysis of the data and the results derived are described in the following sections.
The CR data for the respective immersion depths tested, which are represented by markers of same shape in the figure 4, display similar characteristics corresponding to B/L in both regular and irregular waves.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Katsuhiro Maekawa, Masatoshi Futakawa, Zhi Hong Xiong, Takashi Naoe
It was reported that the fatigue life decreased with a reduction in strain rate from 10-2 1/s to10-4 1/s as a result of an enhanced dynamic strain aging effect [3,4].
In generally, irradiation by protons and neutrons is known to induce an irradiation hardening and embrittlement, i.e. an increase of the yield stress, and a pronounced reduction in ductility [5].
In order to investigate the effect of strain rate on the fatigue strength of 316L SS, the fatigue data was compared with the reference data [8-10] as shown in Fig. 8.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Marina V. Shumeyko, Galina V. Sagamonova, E.V. Sagamonova
Aggregation can be done in different ways: On the basis of forecast data, planning, actuarial, strategic, accounting balances, using 8 basic engineering aggregated accounting trasactions
On the basis of the obtained data of net liabilities the zone of economic and marginal risk is measured and the associated management decisions are determined.
The system performs the task of increasing the speed and security of accounting processes, control and management of organization, reduction of costs, reduction of the number of errors, elimination of points of vulnerability.
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