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Rubber belongs to the class of materials termed polymers.
During this operation, the materials on heating up soften and allow flow of rubber thereby taking the shape of the mould.
Hillymeyer, Textbook on Polymer Science 5th Edition, Interscience publishers, New York, (1962) p.105
Journal of Reinforced plastics and composites, vol.23, p. 639
[10]Sae-oui P., Rakdee C., and Thanmathorn P., (2002) Use of Rice Husk Ash as Filler in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates: In comparison with Other Commercial Fillers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 83, p. 2485

Classic mechanics of materials only introduces the torsion problem of the straight rod with circular cross section.
The material fibres in the axial direction cannot be stretched freely.
Acknowledgement This work was financially supported by CIT Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.YN0902 and Jiangsu Province Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities under Grant No.10KJD460005.
Yang: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.163-165(2005), p.1585-1589 [5] N.
Mechanism and Machine Theory Vol.37(2002), p.477-498 [6] Zhao shushang: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.45(2009), p.8-12 (in Chinese), [7] B.

Oxide ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, silica and yttria have been used widely as surface coating materials to improve wear, erosion, cavitatio, fretting and corrosion resistance[2].
Control of process parameters is the key to spray nano-structured coating using conventional spray methods with agglomerated nanostructured powders as raw materials.
In this study, the optimal spray parameters were determined by a set of experiments using raw materials of multi-composite nano-structured Al2O3-TiO2-ZrO2-CeO2 commercial agglomerated powder.
Marple: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol.16(2007), p.866
Shaw, et al: Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol.346 (2003): p.237 [10] R.

Introduction LFSA is one of China's major semi-rigid base materials because of its excellent performances, such as high strength, good stability and strong frost resistance and so on.
[2] JTG51-2009, Test Methods of Materials Stabilized with Inorganic Binders for Highway Engineering, Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, 2009
Proportion of cement to fly-ash in cement-fly-ash stabilized crushed-stones pavement, Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 27 (2007) 1-5
Mix Design Method for lime flyash stabilized aggregate of multilevel dense built-in grading structure, Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 29 (2010) 732-736
Lime fly ash stabilized macadam composition design, Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 8 (2007) 49-52.

The condition monitoring plays important role as it has the influence on the production of materials and profit.
Karmakar, M.Mitra,S.Senguptha,”Diagnosis of induction motor faults due to broken bar and rotor mass unbalance through Discrete Wavelet Transform of starting current at no load”, Journal of Electrical systems 6-3(2010), pp. 442 – 456, 2010
Salah,”Monitoring and simuation of three-phase squirrel cage induction motor with broken bars by using virtual inastruments(Vis)”, Opto Electronics and advanced materials – Rapid communication, vol.5, no.3, pp.287-290, Mar 2011
Hammadi, Dahaman Ishak and Mohamad Kamarol,” On-Line Monitoring and Diagnosis Broken Rotor Bars in Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor By Using Labview”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 1525-1528, 2011 [15] Guillermo A.Jimenez, Alfredo O.
Munoz, Manuael.A.Duarli, Mermoud,” Fault detection in induction motors using Hilbert & wavelet transforms”, Journal of eelctrical engineering, vol. 89, issue 3, pp.205-220, Jan 2007

Materials and Design 27 (2006) 617–62
Abrasion resistance of ductile iron austempered by the two-step process Materials Science and Engineering A xxx (2007)
Effects of graphite nodules on crack growth behaviour of austempered ductile iron Materials Science and Engineering A 445–446 (2007) 374–3
Roorkee, Indiapp 307-316, 2008 [12] Cheng-Hsun Hsu Characteristics of duplex surface coatings on austempered ductile iron substrates Materials Science and Engineering A 421 (2006) 182–190 [13] Rajnovic1, O.
Sidjanin1, Microstructure and Fracture of alloyed ADI material, 1 Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 25 (2008) 459–480 [14] Joel Hemanth, The solidi®cation and corrosion behavior of austempered chilled ductile iron, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 101 (2000) 159±166

Harmful materials such as fly ash produce secondary pollution to the environment which increased air pollution.
The cement is made by CaCO3 and clay mixture mixed with other materials by high temperature calcine and grinding.
The fly ash can be regarded as a potential resource of cement raw materials
[15] Hamemik J D, Frantz G C: ACI Materials, Journal, Vol. 88 (1991) No.3, p.294-301
[17] Nowak, B., Pessl A. and Aschenbrenner, P., et al: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 179 (2010) No.2, p.323-331.

Sarin, Comprehensive Hard Materials – 1st Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2014
Shaw, Synthesis and processing of nanostructured WC-Co materials, Journal of Materials Science. 37 (2002) 3397-3403
Letunovitš, Microstructure evolution in WC-Co composites during reactive sintering from nanocrystalline powders, Proceedings of the 2008 World Congress on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, Wachington DC. (2008)
Viljus, Reactive sintering of bimodal WC-Co hardmetals, Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). 21 (3) (2015) 382-385
Tarraste, The influence of Cr3C2 and VC as alloying additives on the microstructure and properties of reactive sintered WC-Co cermets, Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). 18 (1) (2012) 79-83.

These carbides are promising materials e.g. for cutting tools.
By this way we are able to compare these materials together and also with published data mentioning properties of these materials.
The basic drawback of spraying ZrC and HfC by a thermal plasma jet is the high affinity of both materials to oxygen and nitrogen in the air.
Sacks et al.: Journal of Material Science 39, (2004), p. 6057-6066 [2] P.
Zhang et al.: Materials Science and Engineering A 512 (2009) p. 19–25 [4] G.

These bring with them issues of composite design to join ceramics to metals aiming to combine the advantages of these two kinds of materials.
However, as these materials have dissimilar thermal expansion coefficients, and ceramics possess poor wettability to heterogeneous materials such as metal, the strength of the joint with ceramic to metal is usually insufficient, and their utilization requires gradient to reduce thermal stresses in the materials.
And from the point of view of their application, the variation functionally graded materials can be classified into functional gradient coating, functional gradient joints, and functional gradient material themselves [4].
Acknowledgements This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51072229).
Seow: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol.75 (2002), p.256-259