Search results

In this paper, we studied the characteristic of the guided wave shown when it passed through the reductions of varying depth.
For the purpose of this study, laser generation/air-coupled detection systems were employed as a way of detecting the reduction by using guided wave.
Received signals from the air-coupled transducer were magnified by the amplifier and were displayed through the signal averaging scheme with 1000 sampling data on the screen of the oscilloscope.
Fig. 3 Signals in the time-domain and time-frequency analysis for no-thinned area (a) 1.2mm thickness loss (b) 1.6mm thickness loss (c) 2.0mm thickness loss Fig. 4 Waveforms and FFT analysis for thinned areas when receiving at the angle of 7 degrees using an air-coupled transducer To detail the change of two modes represented by varying the thickness loss, the maximum magnitude value and the minimum one of two modes obtained from total 10 experimental data and their average were illustrated in Fig. 5.
Therefore, if we know the magnitude of two modes on FFT-analysis, it is possible to detect the reduction loss.

To overcome such limitations in the country’s energy welfare policy, the most urgent issue is to collect detailed data on the economic situations of energy-poor homes and their living patterns.
Studies so far on the energy-poor class in the country have been hampered by the lack of reliable data.
(2) Non-institutional support Non-institutional support is divided mainly into direct support for energy consumption such as provision of briquettes and electricity, and reduction of energy consumption through provision of high-energy-efficiency facilities.
The direct support for energy consumption is realized via price reduction or the provision of a grace period for power supply suspension as specified in the billing or internal regulations of public energy companies.
The support programs include reduction of power bills by KEPCO, heating subsidies by local heating corporations, gas subsidies and gas bill reduction by city gas companies, and the provision of a grace period before suspending power or gas supply.

The literature data showed that nickel-based catalysts presented high activity in dry reforming of methane reaction [5-7].
The data were recorded by TCD from 100 °C to 900 °C.
The data was recorded from 50 °C to 900 °C.
Crystallite sizes of Ni0 determined by XRD after reduction at 700 °C for 1 hour and after reaction at 700 °C for 8 hours.
The content of Ni2+ determined by XPS after reduction and after reaction.

Experts pay more attention to the construction of green environmental protection of energy conservation and emissions reduction in the process of urbanization.
It had great significance for energy conservation, emissions reduction and carbon reduction [5].
Then they entitled to duty exemption or reduction for more than energy efficiency design standards or using renewable energy and green buildings.
The current domestic public construction of concrete operation data was not yet completely.

QuickstepTM is a novel polymer composite manufacturing technique designed for the out-of-autoclave processing of highquality, low-cost components with a reduction in cure-cycle times.
Using Quickstep curing it has been found that better interlaminar properties than the manufacturers autoclave data could be obtained while the flexural strength was a little lower.
The high pressure environment of the autoclave facilitates the dissolution and removal of voids present in the part which when present can have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of finished composite parts, manifested by a reduction in structural strength [2, 3] and fracture toughness [4].
Additionally, an 82% reduction in tooling and operating costs was achieved.

ffu = CE ffu*. (3) efu = CE efu*. (4) Table 1 – Environmental reduction factors for various FRP systems and exposure conditions Exposure conditions Fiber type Environmental reduction factor CE Interior exposure (structural interior walls, interior walls, partition walls, etc.)
The design strain efd and design stress ffd used for the design of FRP flexural strengthening of masonry walls can be computed according to Eq. 5 and Eq. 6, respectively. km is a bond reduction coefficient calibrated using available experimental data [4], defined as in Eq. 7.
(5) ffd = Ef  efd. (6) (7) Based on current knowledge and experimental data, Eq. 7 is applicable only when the total force per unit width (per bar for NSM systems), pfm, that the FRP system transfers to the masonry substrate satisfies the limitation given in Eq. 8
The effective strain efe to be used for the design of FRP shear strengthening of masonry walls is computed according to the Eq. 11, where kv is a bond reduction coefficient calibrated using available experimental data [4], defined as in Eq. 12, which is equal for both FRP laminates and NSM FRP systems.
ACI 440.7R recommends the use of ke of 0.55 calibrated using available experimental data [5]. . (17) Detailing (ACI 440.7R Chapter 13) ACI 440.7R provides guidance for detailing of FRP systems including recommendations for development length, lap slices, groove dimensions for NSM systems, FRP spacing limits, FRP anchorage, and load-path continuity.

With the continuous development of industry industrial waste increase day by day, according to data reported [1], in 1995 a variety of industrial wastes in China was 7.4 billion tons and the stockpiled aggregate amounted to 6.5 billion tons, land occupation was 5 to 6 million hectares.
Magnesium Slag Composition Analysis Magnesium slag is produced by discharges of industrial wastes when manufacturing magnesium metal, magnesium slag production process is like this [2-4]: the production method of magnesium is classified into electrolysis, thermal reduction of silicon, carbon thermal reduction, carbon reduction.
Silicon thermal reduction method could be divided into Italy Pidgeon's reduction method and France semi-continuous silicon thermal method, the major method used in China is the Pidgeon's reduction method which belongs to silicon thermal method.
Dolomite mineral structure of Silicon Thermal reduction of magnesium [MS Thesis].
Magnesia vacuum carbothermal reduction method [MS Thesis].

The obtained data allows estimating the range of destruction of the structure of material by insects and fungi as well as describing the “healthy” cross-section of the element, which is taken to be checked in the static-strength calculations.
In percentage reduction of specific gravity of the damaged part sample to the specific gravity of the healthy part, we calculate the norm of strength of the wood on the basis of Table 3.
Relation of the reduction of strength of wood to reduction of specific gravity.
Reduction of specific gravity of the wood [%] Reduction of the strength of wood [%] Reduction coefficients 1 5 – 6 0.95 10 30 0.70 20 40 0.60 30 – 38 100 - Indirect values from the table should be interpolated linearly.
The methods presented in the article considering cracks, impact of fungi and insects and humidity of the wood allows to estimate the reduction of strength of wooden elements essential to make static-strength calculations of the repaired object.

Mechanical properties as a function of DAS measured experimentally for an Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloy [12] and for Al-3Mg alloy predicted here from data by [6].
The widely observed reduction of mechanical properties [3,12] with increased DAS (Fig. 3) has been generally assumed to be a kind of Hall-Petch effect.
The Gumbel probability plots [15] showing that the sizes of largest defects increase with (a) increased hydrogen content (data from Ref. 18), and (b) SDAS (data from Ref. 19).
(The simultaneous reduction of DAS is a side effect usually misinterpreted as a cause). 4.
This can lead to the reduction of disturbances due to convection effects, and thus lead to the growth of large grains.

DC Modeling of 4H-SiC nJFET Gate Length Reduction at 500�C Mohit R.
Results and Discussion Before the gate length reduction studies, the turn-off and transfer characteristics of the COMSOL simulations were validated with the measured data of a 4H-SiC nJFET with the SN strategy at 500 °C, and the results are presented in Fig. 2.
This barrier reduction is evident in Figs. 4a-c.