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Research of Temperature Field in Oil-immersed Transformer Considering the Oil Speed YUE Guo Liang1,2,a, WANG Yong-qiang1,b, HE Jie1,c, LIU Hongliang3 1Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei Province, China 2State Grid Electric Power Company of Hebei Province Department of operation and maintenance overhaul, Shijiazhuang050000, Hebei Province, China 3Electric Power Research Institute, Hebei electric power company, Shijiazhuang050000, Hebei Province, China aemail: 13930101165@139.com,bemail: wyq_hd_bd@163.com, cemail: 825030639@qq.com Keywords: oil-immersed transformer; flow-solid- thermal coupling; speed of oil;hot-spot temperature; ANSYS Abstract: In this paper, we have Elaborated the mathematical model of temperature field and flow field of the oil-immersed transformer, and analysis it’s structure of thermal .We established a temperature finite element model of an oil-immersed
The high and low voltage windings and core temperature field meet thermal differential equation: （6） Where, λ is the thermal conductivity of the material, qv is the internal heat intensity, that is the heat per unit volume of object within a unit time.
Reference [1] GB/T 15164-1994 Loading Guide for Oil-immersed Power Transformer[S]．1994 [2] CHEN Weigen, SU Xiaoping, SUN Caixin, PAN Chong, et al．Temperature distribution calculation based on FVM for oil-immersed power transformer windings[J]．Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(6):23-27 [3] CHEN Weigen, XI Hongjuan, SUN Xiaoping, LIU Wen．Application of Generalized Regression Neural Network to Transformer Winding Hot Spot Temperature Forecasing[J]．High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(1):16-21 [4] WANG Mingqian, JIANG Liquan, XIAO Quan．Measurement Error Analysis of Load Loss of Large Transformer[J]．TRANSFORMER,2004,41(1):21-25 [5] CHEN Weigen, ZHAO Tao, JIANG Taosha, SUN Caixin．Improved Method for Calculation of Hot-spot Temperature in Power Transformer[J]．High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(1):53-56 [6] ZHU Hengxuan．Prediction of Hottest Spot Temperature and Temperature Measurement with Optical Fiber in Oil-immersed Transformer Windings[D]．Heibei, Heibei University of Technology,2010
[7] WANG Jianmin, JING Chongyou, ZHANG Wenfeng, FAN Yana．Engineering Research on 3D Eddy Current Field and Stray Loss of Structural Parts in Large Transformer[J]．2012,49(2):28-32 [8] SU Xiaoping．Investigation into the Calculation Modes and Prediction Method of Hot-spot Temperature for Oil-immersed Transformers[D]．Chongqing, Chongqing University,2012 [9] HAN Peng．The Calculation Research of Temperature Field of Large Natural Oil Circulation Power Transformer With Oriented[D]．Heibei: Hebei University of Technology,2005 [10] Pierce L W．An Investigation of the Thermal Performance of an Oil filled Transformer Winding[J]．IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1992,7(3):1347-1358 [11] AMOIRALIS E I, TSILI M A, KLADAS A．Transformer Design and Optimization: A Literature Survey[J]．IEEE Transformer on Power Delivery,2009,24(4):999-2024 [12] JIANG Taosha, LI Jian, CHEN Weigen, SUN Caixin,et al．Thermal Model for Hot Spot Temperature Calculation in Oil-immersed Transformer[J]．High Voltage Engineering

PDF417 Barcode and Its Application in Aviation Spare Parts Management Xu-Sheng Gan1,a, Jing-Shun Duanmu2,b and Jian-Guo Gao2,c 1 XiJing College, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710123, China 2 Material Management and Safety Engineering College, Air Force Engineering  University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710051, China a ganxusheng123@163.com, b dmhz521@yahoo.com.cn, c gjg123@163.com Keywords: PDF417 barcode; Automatic identification; Aviation spare parts; Aviation management; Data storage Abstract.
It includes the aviation spare parts management information database and barcode generation module which is the key part of barcode technology and is also one of the difficulties.
Journal of Ordnance Engineering College, 14(2), (2002), 25-29 [6] MIL–STD–1189B, Standard department of defense bar code symbology.

The new Hydrogenogen and its Industrial Application in Molasses Fermentation System Foundation project: The project is funded by Northeast Forestry University Graduate Technological innovation projects Biography: Jingwei ZHANG (1987), male, master, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150040, P.R.China Corresponding author: Yongfeng LI (E-mail: dr_lyf@163.com) Jingwei Zhang1,a, Wei Han1,b, Jianyu Yang1,c, Zhanqing Wang1,d, Yongjuan Zhang1,e Yongfeng Li1,2,f 1Forestry School, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China 2Chemical School, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China azjwwy007@163.com, b115221107@163.com, cjianyu.1943@163.com, dwangzhanqing0608@163.com, eninalianrui@126.com, fdr_lyf@163.com Keywords: Hydrogen production; hydrogen-producing bacteria; molasses; industrialization Abstract.
Thus, the important issue to solve industrial engineering bacteria for the industrialization of fermentation biohydrogen is to separate and identify the efficient hydrogen producing bacteria.
The discovery of these bacteria provides material evidence for this theory.
Conclusion At present, the key factor constraining the biological hydrogen production by fermentation is the low capacity of hydrogen production, which lags far behind the efficiency of methane fermentation.
Although the hydrogen production capacity of these strains is different, they constitute extremely valuable resources for the anaerobic hydrogen production process, and lay an important germplasm base for further application of strain engineering, genetic improvement, physiology biochemistry and biology research.

Design of the Cascaded Open-Channel Direct Current Electroosmotic Pump LIU Tingting1,a, BAI Zhuchuan1,b, GAO Yang2,c 1School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China 2Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, China aljttlf@163.com, bbaizhuchuan@126.com, c gaoyang@caep.ac.cn Key words: MEMS, electroosmotic micro-pump, microfluidics, simulation, microfabrication Abstract.
The channels of porous media type are formed by the gaps between the particles or the pores within porous material.

Wang, “Growth of Anisotropic One-dimensional ZnS Nanostructures”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16(40): pp.3898-3905, 2006
Pillai, “Characterization of Zinc Sulphide Thin Films Prepared Using RF Sputtering Technique”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, pp.1371-1378, 2020
Binetti, “Study of the Physical Properties of ZnS Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering”, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 71, pp.7-11, 2017
Ly, “Effect of Copper Concentration on The Characteristics of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Films”, Materials Letters, 216, pp.154-157, 2018
Ihsan, “Development of 2nd Generation Thin Film Photovoltaics Based on CZTS Absorber Layer and ZnS Window Layer”, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 928, pp 177-182, 2022.

The consideration of design welding engineering from the nature of the material is the selection of stainless steel material because it is more corrosion resistant than ordinary carbon steel.
Oftentimes, according to engineering design, DWJ welding joints must be carried out, especially austenitic stainless steel joints with carbon steel which have an alloy of Chrome and Molybdenum and a high carbon content.
The chemical compositions of base materials used in this study are shown in Table 1 and The corresponding welding parameters are shown in Table 2.
Key results are summarized as follows: a) The hardness value maximum in B-40 with an average grade of 182 HV.
The author would also like to thank the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Indonesia for permitting us to use testing facilities. 7.

A Study on Exhaust Gas Emission Control Technology of Marine Diesel Engine Song Zhou1, a, Yan Liu1, b, Jinxi Zhou1, c 1College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China.
The relative importance of these different mechanisms is strongly affected by the temperature, pressure, flame conditions, residence time and concentrations of key reacting species.
But DWI technology could lead to slightly higher fuel consumption rate .When using the high sulphur fuel ,the material of the combustion chamber and using a special nozzle should be considered.
There are many kinds of structures and materials of filter used to catch the particulate, for example the monolithic ceramics, the metal wire, the textile fiber, the ceramic fiber, and floamed ceramics and so on.
Engineering the Future-since 1758 [EB/OL]. (2010-02-08) [2010-07-14]. http://www.mandiesel.de/article_000587.html

The Study of Bioleaching to Removal Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge Yunpeng Song 1, a, Jun Zhang 1, b, Liang Li1, c 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China a yunpengsong86@126.com, bzhangjuny@gmail.com, cliliang2303@163.com Keywords: bioleaching, sewage sludge, heavy metals, influence factors Abstract.
Sludge treatment approaches have landfill, agricultural, wet oxidation, burning, building materials use and etc., and Sludge utilization in agriculture received more and more attention, the United States and the European Union have sludge method as the main means of sludge disposal [1].
Therefore, in view of the characteristics of sewage sludge, bioleaching technology and reactor will become not only the focus of bioleaching, but also the key of bioleaching extend to practical application from the laboratory.
The experimental study on process condition of compost by urban solid wastes, Environmental Engineering, 2003, (1): 50-52
Study on Fertility of Complex Manure Prepared from Urban Solid Waste, Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2003, (5): 34-36

Mas Ayu3,c 1Structural Materials and Degradation Focus Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA 2Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA 3Manufacturing Focus Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA ajuliawati@ump.edu.my, bsharuzi@ump.edu.my, cmasszee@ump.edu.my Keywords: Powder metallurgy; Magnesium alloys; Sintering; Mechanical properties; Grain refinement Abstract.
Porous PM materials are commonly sintered to densities between 25 and 85% of theoretical mean density (TMD), while structural PM parts are typically 85–99.9% of TMD.
with carbamine space holder addition · Reduce corrosion resistance with the greater porosity [12] Muhammad Rashad et al. 2015 Materials Science & Engineering A Mg-Al-Cu Mix powder slurry - mechanical agitation 6000 rpm - vacuum dried at 80°C - press (600 MPa) -sintering (630°C for 3 hrs) · Cu and Al addition increase the mechanical properties due to the formation of particle Cu-Al particles, but decrease the strain due to monolithic mg [13] Iwaoka et al. 2016 Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy Mg-Sn-Zn Gas atomization powder-Sintering at 450°C, 500°C, 550°C - press at 40 Mpa (180 s) · Bonding strength increase by the intermetallic formation and sizes · Increase sintering temperature, decrease the grain boundary and IMC formation [14] T.
Judson Durai et al. 2017 International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development Mg-Zr Milling - compacting press (690 MPa) - sintering (450°C, 500°C, 550°C) · Increase sintering temperature led to reduction in porosity form and increase in tensile strength [15] Legan Houa et al. 2017 Journal of Materials Science & Technology Mg-Al-Ni Mixing - pressing (25 MPa, 450°C, 30 min)-sintering (600°C for 20 min) · Formation of Al3Ni2 particle at grain boundary, nano-precipitate AlNi · Strength improve with Ni [16] D.
Vojtěch, Porous Mg for medical applications - Influence of powder size on mechanical properties, Key Eng.

The precursors materials Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O, NiCl2 and EuCl3 were used as-purchased without further purification.
Lampert, Electrochromic materials and devices for energy efficient windows, Solar Energy Materials 11 (1984) 1-27
Aboud, Effect of Co-doping level on physical properties of ZnO thin films, Optical Materials 113 (2021) 110812
Kong, Nonenzymatic glucose sensing by CuO nanoparticles decorated nitrogen- doped graphene aerogel, Materials Science and Engineering: C 78 (2017) 210-217
Wang, Hierarchical CuO/ZnO Heterojunction with Improved Spectrum Absorption for Interfacial Solar Steam Generation, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 62 (2023) 14557-14567