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Online since: April 2015
Authors: Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim, Mohamed Haziq bin Haron
The current EURO standard for heavy-duty diesel engines, EURO VI, which came to force from December 2013, is on par with United States emission standards where the limit value for NOx is 0.4 g/kWh, a remarkable 80% reduction as compared to EURO V (2.0 g/kWh) and for particulate matter (PM) a 50% reduction from 0.02 g/kWh to 0.01 g/kWh.
After 5 minutes of exposure to the microwave, the reduction percentages of power levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kW are 31.9%, 43.7% and 64.6% respectively.
This is evidence in the recorded data which shows a small increase in O2 gas for all the microwave power levels.
The reduction rates of smoke would depend on the time the soot is exposed to the microwaves and also the intensity of the microwave.
Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter.
After 5 minutes of exposure to the microwave, the reduction percentages of power levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kW are 31.9%, 43.7% and 64.6% respectively.
This is evidence in the recorded data which shows a small increase in O2 gas for all the microwave power levels.
The reduction rates of smoke would depend on the time the soot is exposed to the microwaves and also the intensity of the microwave.
Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Liang Luo, Zuo Guang Zhang, Min Li, Zhen Shen
Compared with controlled GF/4211, the
Tensile strength reduction of 50-P/GF/4211 was the minimum 11.3% and the reduction of 50-G/GF/4211 was the maximum 22.4%.
The reductions induced by different size SiO2 were medium from 17.5% to 19.7% and the effect of 5µm,10µm,50µm SiO2 particle on tensile strength were nearly identical.
Compared with controlled specimen, the flexural strength reduction of 50-P/GF/4211 was the maximum 9.0% and the flexural strength reduction of 50-G/GF/4211 was the medium 2.7%.
Author considered the flexural strength reduction of 5-S/GF/4211 was likely to involve in distinct standard deviation.
The abnormal phenomenon need more data to be support and was worth to be studied subsequently.
The reductions induced by different size SiO2 were medium from 17.5% to 19.7% and the effect of 5µm,10µm,50µm SiO2 particle on tensile strength were nearly identical.
Compared with controlled specimen, the flexural strength reduction of 50-P/GF/4211 was the maximum 9.0% and the flexural strength reduction of 50-G/GF/4211 was the medium 2.7%.
Author considered the flexural strength reduction of 5-S/GF/4211 was likely to involve in distinct standard deviation.
The abnormal phenomenon need more data to be support and was worth to be studied subsequently.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yan Dong Peng, Chun Yun Yu
Analysis of climate, precipitation data of the 51 years (1955-2005) shows that: climate of Qinhuangdao warming in recent years, the mean annual temperature is about 2℃ higher.
Surface runoff reduction.
The river runoff of Qinhuangdao recharged mainly from atmospheric precipitation, atmospheric precipitation reduction lead to river runoff reduction.
The river runoff reduction has various ecological impacts.
Secondly, the river runoff reduction also influences reservoir ecological system.
Surface runoff reduction.
The river runoff of Qinhuangdao recharged mainly from atmospheric precipitation, atmospheric precipitation reduction lead to river runoff reduction.
The river runoff reduction has various ecological impacts.
Secondly, the river runoff reduction also influences reservoir ecological system.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Hong Yan Zhang, Li Li Wang, Hai Bin Ke
There are a certain amount of CaO and MgO, some data indicate that pellets raw materials containing the appropriate amount of CaO can help to improve pellets strength [1], MgO can help to improve pellets metallurgical properties [2].
The magnetite ore and FexO have similar crystal lattice structure, with less stress, so the low temperature reduction powdered is restrained.
Reducing rate increases, this may be due to increased porosity, promote pellets reduction reaction.
MgO can inhibit the pellet reduction swelling, however, the expansion rate increased.
Although MgO can inhibit reduction expansion, the expansion ratio increases, much less than 20%, within the normal range.
The magnetite ore and FexO have similar crystal lattice structure, with less stress, so the low temperature reduction powdered is restrained.
Reducing rate increases, this may be due to increased porosity, promote pellets reduction reaction.
MgO can inhibit the pellet reduction swelling, however, the expansion rate increased.
Although MgO can inhibit reduction expansion, the expansion ratio increases, much less than 20%, within the normal range.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Seyed Ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi, S.H. Sham Abadi
In particular the larger stresses under the weld tool on the AA5186 side compared to the AA2024 side are related to a transient reduction in yield stress due to dissolution of the hardening precipitates during welding prior to natural aging after welding.
However, in FSW welding of AA 5086, softening is occurred due to reduction of dislocation density and recrystallization during the process.
The data show more elongation for sample number 4 compares with sample No. 1.
Thus, all values contrast with tensile data of AA 5186.
However, in FSW welding of AA 5086, softening is occurred due to reduction of dislocation density and recrystallization during the process.
The data show more elongation for sample number 4 compares with sample No. 1.
Thus, all values contrast with tensile data of AA 5186.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Dao Shun Wang, Yuan Yuan Kong
It mainly introduces the method of measuring data and the method of statistical data.
The Method of Measuring Data.
The Method of Statistical Data.
There are three kinds of record data in the instrument: day statistical data records, monthly statistical data records,monthly on-off power data records.
The monthly statistical data are got from the induction and summarization of the day statistical data.
The Method of Measuring Data.
The Method of Statistical Data.
There are three kinds of record data in the instrument: day statistical data records, monthly statistical data records,monthly on-off power data records.
The monthly statistical data are got from the induction and summarization of the day statistical data.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Jian Yong Zhang, Zhuo Chen, Hai Jiao Hou, Ke Qing Zhao
Experimental results show that this control technology model can better deal with data processing under the car networking.
Working process of this system is shown in Figure 2.Vehicles obtain position data by using mobile phone and send the position data to service center control, while the service center control submits a great deal of position information(road database) from vehicle intelligent mobile phone terminal to operational analysis center for analyzing and predicting.
This is because data transmission between cluster head in LEACH algorithm and BS adopts single hop communication mode with larger consumption.
Moreover, this algorithm introduces priority to improve multi-hop routing construction strategy and reduces data transmission consumption between cluster data.
Therefore, its reduction rate of network rest energy is the slowest.
Working process of this system is shown in Figure 2.Vehicles obtain position data by using mobile phone and send the position data to service center control, while the service center control submits a great deal of position information(road database) from vehicle intelligent mobile phone terminal to operational analysis center for analyzing and predicting.
This is because data transmission between cluster head in LEACH algorithm and BS adopts single hop communication mode with larger consumption.
Moreover, this algorithm introduces priority to improve multi-hop routing construction strategy and reduces data transmission consumption between cluster data.
Therefore, its reduction rate of network rest energy is the slowest.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Cheng Tao Zhou, Xiang Tian, Yao Wu Chen
Then offline K-means clustering is performed to divide the existing data into 2 sets.
The 4-D vectors xn are input as the training data for 2M×2M (M=8, 16, 32) blocks.
Fig. 1 The four sub-blocks of a 2M×2M block Fig. 2 The 8x8 units in a 64×64 CTU Because of the various attributes of different blocks, the training data of 16×16, 32×32, and 64×64 blocks are input to the K-means clustering separately.
According to our experimental data, when one of the CMM×M (i) (i=0, 1, 2, 3) is greater than TH1 in a 2M×2M (M=32) unit, 2M×2M unit size checking is ignored.
For Kimono sequence, the proposed algorithm can achieves 68.3% reduction of the complexity, which is a larger complexity reduction as compared to other sequences.
The 4-D vectors xn
Fig. 1 The four sub-blocks of a 2M×2M block Fig. 2 The 8x8 units in a 64×64 CTU Because of the various attributes of different blocks, the training data of 16×16, 32×32, and 64×64 blocks are input to the K-means clustering separately.
According to our experimental data, when one of the CMM×M (i) (i=0, 1, 2, 3) is greater than TH1 in a 2M×2M (M=32) unit, 2M×2M unit size checking is ignored.
For Kimono sequence, the proposed algorithm can achieves 68.3% reduction of the complexity, which is a larger complexity reduction as compared to other sequences.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: De Shan Shan, Shen Gai Cui
Vehicle Dynamics Model and Data Exchange
Multi-body system dynamics is adopted to establish the vehicle system 3-D model.
Finite element method is a powerful tool to analyze dynamic behavior of the bridge accurately, and the multi-body dynamics method is adopted to achieve the vehicle dynamics behavior which contains the complex wheel-rail relationship, then the co-simulation of coupled vehicle-bridge vibration is realized through the wheel-rail data exchange preprocessing program at the discrete information points of wheel-rail contact surface. [5, 6].
The data exchange process of co-simulation based on SIMPACK and ANSYS is detail described in the reference [7].
Figure 4 shows the data exchange process of multi-system dynamics and finite element methods as well as the refined simulation model of vehicle-bridge system for coupled vibration analysis.
In all 4 calculation cases, the maximum of derailment coefficient is 0.211, and the maximum of reduction rate of wheel weigh is 0.262.
Finite element method is a powerful tool to analyze dynamic behavior of the bridge accurately, and the multi-body dynamics method is adopted to achieve the vehicle dynamics behavior which contains the complex wheel-rail relationship, then the co-simulation of coupled vehicle-bridge vibration is realized through the wheel-rail data exchange preprocessing program at the discrete information points of wheel-rail contact surface. [5, 6].
The data exchange process of co-simulation based on SIMPACK and ANSYS is detail described in the reference [7].
Figure 4 shows the data exchange process of multi-system dynamics and finite element methods as well as the refined simulation model of vehicle-bridge system for coupled vibration analysis.
In all 4 calculation cases, the maximum of derailment coefficient is 0.211, and the maximum of reduction rate of wheel weigh is 0.262.