Papers by Author: Carmen Andrade

Abstract: This work is part of the DURACON Ibero-American project, which seeks to characterize concrete durability under environmental conditions, based on reinforced concrete sample exposure in at least two different atmospheres (marine and urban), for each of the 11 countries in the project. Specimens were exposed to the environmental conditions of 13 Mexican sites (8 urban and 5 marine atmospheres). Concrete specimens were 15 x 15 x 30 cm, with 6 rebars each, and three concrete covers (15, 20 and 30 cm). Two concrete mixtures were used with water/cement ratios of 0.45 and 0.65, respectively. Six reinforced and six plain concrete specimens were placed on each exposure site. Environmental data was collected on each exposure site, including rainfall, relative humidity, time of wetness, temperature, wind velocity, and carbon dioxide/chloride concentrations. Corrosion rates and potentials, as well as concrete resistivity were measured in the reinforced samples. Carbonation depths were measured on the plain ones. The present work focused on the measurements of environmental parameters during the first two years of exposure to analyze the potentiality and the probability of carbonation-induced corrosion, and the evaluation of the corrosion initiation period for the reinforcing steel on the 13 Mexican exposure sites.

Abstract: In this work, different mortars with different degrees of damage brought about by the action of the freeze-thawing cycles are evaluated. Analysis of its state is carried out by different usual evaluation methods. Results obtained through these methods are compared with the electrical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, this non-destructive technique is employed to evaluate the state of mortars and the amount of internal damage.

Abstract: Hydrogen embrittlement is believed to be one of the main reasons for cracking of structures under stress. High strength steels in these structures often include a ferritic core made of alpha-iron (body centered cubic lattice). We compute the interaction of atomic hydrogen with iron using first principles. The interstitial hydrogen can be placed in two high symmetry positions: octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Our calculations provide diffusion barriers between these sites. These barriers have been analyzed to understand the propagation of hydrogen through the iron lattice. We analyze how these barriers can be modified by the hydrogen concentration. The results show the main site for high and low hydrogen density and they show the diffusion coefficient variation by the hydrogen density.