Papers by Keyword: Biomechanical

Abstract: The paper delves into various aspects of nanotechnology in mechanical engineering, including the fabrication of nanomaterials and advanced manufacturing techniques. Nanomanufacturing methods offer unprecedented precision and control, enhancing efficiency and performance across industries. From nanoscale manipulation to intricate structure fabrication, nanotechnology is transforming manufacturing processes profoundly. Furthermore, the paper explores the applications of nanotechnology in nano mechanics and nanotribology, elucidating how it enables us to understand and manipulate mechanical behaviours at the nanoscale. Additionally, it discusses the role of nanotechnology in energy systems, where nanomaterials contribute to improved energy storage and conversion efficiency. Beyond traditional mechanical engineering, nanotechnology finds applications in biomechanics, shaping advancements in healthcare through innovative biomedical devices and materials. The interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology is evident in its potential to address global challenges, such as environmental remediation, by developing nanomaterials for water purification, air filtration, and soil remediation. Looking ahead, the paper discusses future directions for nanotechnology in mechanical engineering, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical considerations, and responsible governance. It highlights the potential for transformative breakthroughs in medicine, energy systems, and materials science, guided by ongoing research and innovation. In conclusion, nanotechnology is poised to reshape the landscape of mechanical engineering, offering unprecedented possibilities for efficiency, sustainability, and technological advancement. Through careful exploration and application, nanotechnology holds the promise of addressing societal needs while pushing the boundaries of what is possible in mechanical engineering.

Abstract: Fluid-Structure Interaction engages with complex geometry especially in biomechanical problem. In order to solve critical case studies such as cardiovascular diseases, we need the structure to be flexible and interact with the surrounding fluids. Thus, to simulate such systems, we have to consider both fluid and structure two-way interactions. An extra attention is needed to develop FSI algorithm in biomechanic problem, namely the algorithm to solve the governing equations, the coupling between the fluid and structural parameter and finally the algorithm for solving the grid connectivity. In this article, we will review essential works that have been done in FSI for biomechanic. Works on Navier–Stokes equations as the basis of the fluid solver and the equation of motion together with the finite element methods for the structure solver are thoroughly discussed. Important issues on the interface between structure and fluid solvers, discretised via Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian grid are also pointed out. The aim is to provide a crystal clear understanding on how to develop an efficient algorithm to solve biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction problems in a matrix based programming platform.

Abstract: The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation developed in 1991 is an ergonomic intervention assessment tool that used to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL) for lifting tasks and to identify the hazardous lifting tasks. But this equation application is limited to those conditions for which it was designed and the different populations have different anthropometric distributions. This research will propose a solution to determine the effect of different manual lifting tasks on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical limitation and develop the new automatic system tool to calculate the ideal RWL for Malaysian people for the working tasks perform. This new system tool which design according to the criteria of Malaysian people can increase the safe working environment for the workers.

Abstract: Natural, synthetic and combinations of natural and synthetic materials are used widely in contemporary sports surfaces which have been designed to encourage elastic deformation under load, in order to increase athletic performance and at the same time reduce the risk of injury. In response to this need, manufacturers have developed a wide variety of indoor sports flooring systems types, which are generally separated into two major categories, area-elastic sports surfaces and point-elastic sports surfaces. Area elastic sport surface structures attenuate energy by allowing deformation over a comparatively large area, where as point elastic sport surface structures deform in response to applied forces over a relatively small area, in close proximity to the point of impact. Sports surfaces can therefore be extremely complicated arrangements of materials, which contribute to a surfaces complex behaviour. The materials used in each of these surface categories, attenuate the energy applied to a surface by an athlete, in order to reduce the energy returned to the athlete. Viscoelastic materials are therefore used as synthetic shock absorbers, in order to reduce the amplitude and increase the duration of an applied shock. To understand the cushioning properties of these materials, it is necessary to consider the structural aspects of the various material combinations. It is the aim of this chapter to discuss the types of sports surface materials used, the ways in which the materials are configured and the performance standards which have been applied, in order to evaluate athletic performance and reduce the risk of injury to an athlete.

Abstract: The domestic and foreign research situation of the biomechanical characteristics and rheological characteristics of the biological flexible tubular organs is introduced in this paper. The research includes the biomechanical characteristics of the cardiovascular system ,the trachea，the alimentary tract and the rheological characteristics of the blood, the mucus. The biomechanical characteristics of the biological flexible tubular organs divides into two parts: the stress-strain rule is researched through the one-dimensional or two-dimensional tensile experiments of the biological flexible tubular organs；the wall residual stress strain is researched for the biological flexible tubular organs in no load conditions. The stress-strain rule has been acquired through the one-dimensional or two-dimensional tensile experiments of the cardiovascular system, the trachea, the alimentary tract. The walls of the cardiovascular system ,the trachea，the alimentary tract have residual stress strain through measuring the opening angles.

Abstract: The nanostructured titanium was fabricated via the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) process and the effect of nano-crystalline structure on the biomechanical and biocorrosion properties were studied. It was found that the Young’s modulus of nanostructured Ti decreased significantly and thus the biomechanical property was improved. The electrochemical results revealed that the corrosion resistance of Ti became worse after SMAT process, which is contributed to the higher activation of the nanostructured surface.

Abstract: The foot plays an important role in supporting the body and keeping body balance. An abnormal walking habit breaks the balance of the human body as well as the function of the foot. The foot orthotics which is designed to consider biomechanics effectively distributes the load of the human body on the sole of the foot. In this paper, gait analysis is performed for subjects wearing the orthotics. In this study, three male subjects were selected. The experimental apparatus consists of a plantar pressure analysis system and digital EMG system. The gait characteristics are simulated by ADAMS/LifeMOD. The COP (Center of Pressure), EMG and ground reaction force were investigated. As a result of gait analysis, the path of COP was improved and muscle activities were decreased with orthotics on the abnormal walking subjects.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare the osseointegration of calcium pyrophosphate(CPP) coated screws with uncoated screws. CPP coating was prepared and coated by dipping method. CPP coated and uncoated screws were inserted into the mongrel dogs. The insertion torques, radiographs, histology, histomorphometric analysis, and extraction torques were evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The insertion torque was not different between CPP coated and uncoated screws. The extraction torques of CPP coated screws at 2, 4, and 8 weeks(5.45±2.05, 7.62±1.51 and 6.60±2.80 cNM) were significantly higher than their insertion torques(2.74±1.13, 2.98±0.70, and 2.18±1.34 cNM)(p<0.0001, <0.0001 and 0.0005 respectively) and significantly higher than the extraction torques of uncoated screws(1.14±0.470, 2.57±1.36, and 3.18 ±0.499 cNM). The percentages of direct bone-screw contact of CPP coated screws were statistically higher than those of uncoated screws at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. These results suggest that CPP coating may improve the clinical results by allowing early motion exercises and early weight bearing.