Papers by Keyword: Energy Dispersive Diffraction

Abstract: Position resolved structural information from polycrystalline materials is usually obtained via micro beam techniques illuminating only a single spot of the specimen. Multiplexing in reciprocal space is achieved either by the use of an area detector or an energy dispersive device. Alternatively spatial information may be obtained simultaneously from a large part of the sample by using an array of parallel collimators between the sample and a position sensitive detector which suppresses crossfire of radiation scattered at different positions in the sample. With the introduction of an X-ray camera based on an energy resolving area detector (pnCCD) we could combine this with multiplexing in reciprocal space.

Abstract: The residual stress state in a material has an important role in the mechanism of cracking, induced or assisted by hydrogen. In this contribution, the beamline EDDI in BESSY II instrument in Berlin was used in order to investigate the influence of hydrogen upon the residual stresses state existing in a Supermartensitic stainless steel sample. The method used for investigating the residual stresses is the “sinus square ψ” method. This method involves the usage of high energy X-ray diffraction in order to measure the residual stress state and magnitude. It was found that hydrogen presence has a significant influence upon the magnitude of the residual stresses, as its value decreases with high hydrogen content. This effect is reversible, as hydrogen desorbs from the sample the residual stress magnitude gains its initial value before hydrogen charging.

Abstract: The highly alloyed wrought Mg-base alloy LAE442 is characterized by a relatively high creep resistance due to secondary phases which are thermally stable. In general the elasto-plastic deformation behavior of Mg-base alloys is due to dislocation slip and twinning depending on the local crystallographic texture with respect to the direction of load application. LAE442 exhibits a rather weak influence of the crystallographic texture after extrusion on the mechanical properties resulting in nearly identical compressive and tensile yield strength values. The relatively high strength of LAE442 is based on a high number of small Al-RE (RE = rare earth) -precipitates. In the present investigation, we studied the load distribution between the different phases of LAE442 as well as the evolution of the lattice strains under tensile and compressive loading in order to gain valuable insight into the deformation behavior of the alloy. In-situ deformation experiments coupled with energy dispersive diffraction by means of high energy synchrotron radiation allow this kind of investigation. High energy synchrotron X-ray stress analyses were carried out on cylindrical specimens that were uniaxially loaded. The diffraction experiments were carried out at the EDDI-beamline at BESSY II, Berlin, using a white beam up to energies of 150 keV. Diffraction data were analyzed according to the well known sin²y - method. As a result of the studies the X-ray elastic constant (XEC) ½ s₂^{hkl} was evaluated for the individual phases.

Abstract: Tensile residual stresses introduced by conventional welding processes diminish the crack resistance and the fatigue lifetime of welded components. In order to generate beneficial compressive residual stresses at the surface of a welded component, various post-weld treatment procedures are available, like shot peening, hammering, etc. These post-weld treatments are, however time and cost extensive. An attractive alternative is to generate compressive stresses over the complete weld joint in the course of the welding procedure by means of so-called Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) filler materials. The volume change induced by the transformation affects the residual stresses in the weld and its vicinity. LTT fillers exhibit a relatively low transformation temperature and a positive volume change, resulting in compressive residual stresses in the weld area. In-situ measurements of diffraction profiles during real welding experiments using Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA)-welding process were realized successfully for the first time. Transformation temperatures during heating and subsequent cooling of LTT welding material could be assessed by means of energy dispersive diffraction using high energy synchrotron radiation. The results show that the temperature of martensite start (Ms) is strongly dependent on the content of alloying elements. In addition the results indicate that different phase transformation temperatures are present depending on the welding depth. Additional determination of residual stresses allowed it to pull together time and temperature resolved phase transformations and the resulting phase specific residual stresses. It was shown, that for the evaluation of the residual stress state of LTT welds the coexisting martensitic and austenitic phases have to be taken into account when describing the global stress condition of the respective material in detail.

Abstract: In residual stress analysis (RSA) using energy dispersive (ED) diffraction care has to be taken of the detector energy stability. For a given detector system it is demonstrated that the energy position decreases significantly with dead time. Correction of the RSA data both in reflection and scanning experiments allows a significant improvement in the reliability of RSA under different conditions. Owing the small diffraction angles in ED experiments, the effect of adjustment errors in reflection geometry is investigated revealing the need of a wide incoming beam combined with high collimation of the secondary beam. The differences in the used absorber materials are shown in respect of sample heating and beam widening due to diffuse scattering.

Abstract: In April 2005 the materials science beamline EDDI (Energy Dispersive DIffraction), which the HMI operates at the Berlin synchrotron storage ring BESSY, started user service. The high energy white synchrotron beam up to about 150 keV used for the diffraction experiments is provided by a superconducting 7 Tesla multipole wiggler. Starting with some basic information on the technical parameters of the beamline, its set-up and measuring facilities, the paper focuses on the application of white beam diffraction to the analysis of residual stress fields in the near surface zone of polycrystalline materials. The concept of a program system is introduced, which we offer to our users for preparing and evaluating their measurements performed at the EDDI beamline.

Abstract: The detection of near surface residual stress gradients in real space requires high depth resolution for any orientation of the diffraction vector with respect to the sample co-ordinate system. In order to meet this demand, the slits are no longer being fixed in the laboratory co-ordinate system as in strain scanning experiments but directly coupled with the sample. Hence, the gauge volume orientation within the sample remains constant and allows performing depth-resolved sin2ψ measurements in real space. The method’s accuracy is determined by the gauge volume definition, which is investigated in detail. Apart from the evaluation of the σ(τ) versus σ(z) relation, which is of fundamental interest in X-ray residual stress gradient analysis, the method will be shown to have a unique applicability in rather delicate sample geometries such as multilayer systems.