Papers by Keyword: Fe-Si Alloys

Abstract: We report an investigation on the improvement of magnetic properties in crystalline silicon iron alloys. It was studied the influence of three thermal treatments on the energy losses of non-oriented silicon iron (NO FeSi) sheets, M800-65A industrial grade, at two peak magnetic polarizations 0.5 T and 1 T. First treatment was done at 200 °C for 60 minutes, the second treatment at 550 °C for 30 minutes and the third treatment at 700 °C for 10 minutes. In the case of grain-oriented silicon iron (GO FeSi) sheets, 30Z140 industrial grade, was analyzed the influence of laser scratching on the magnetic properties at peak magnetic polarization 0.25 T. In the case of both steel grades is presented the reduction of the hysteresis, classical and excess losses, that occur after the applied treatments, using the concept of energy loss separation.

Abstract: The oxidation behavior of Fe–Si alloys at 1073K in air was investigated. The oxidation kinetics described by the parabolic rate law of diffusion controlled oxidation and the oxidation rate decrease with the increasing Si content. Fe-Si alloys were oxidized for different times at 1073K to obtain the same scale thickness of approximately 30μm. Observations of scale cross-sections indicated the structure of oxide scale and elemental distribution in oxide scales strongly depends on Si content. The oxide scale on Fe-Si alloys with low Si content consisted of three layers with an outer Fe₂O₃, an intermediate Fe₃O₄ and an inner FeO and some voids were formed in Fe₃O₄ and FeO layers. The Si-rich oxide layer was formed at the scale/alloy interface of Fe-Si alloys with high Si content. Furthermore, the amount of internal oxidation zone increased with the increasing Si content. Observations of scale cross-sections indicated that the structure of oxide scale and elemental distribution in oxide scale strongly depend on Si content.

Abstract: The present paper studies the removal of the nitrogen in the form of nitrate in water by electrochemical catalysis reduction. The influence of electrode materials and various test conditions on the removal efficiency was studied. The experimental results show that the removal rate of nitrate can reach above 90% by using a three-dimensional permeable electrode of Fe-Si alloy under the condition of flowrate of 600ml/h, current density of 10mA/cm² and reaction time of 2h.

Abstract: Calcium aluminate and Fe-Si alloys were successfully synthesized by using red mud and aluminate dross as the main raw materials in the lab-scale experiment. Three apt experimental parameters were obtained: 1.2 times of theoretical addition amount of aluminum dross, binary basicity of raw materials 0.9, 40min smelting time. The chemical compositions of calcium aluminate synthesized meet the standard of CA-60 cement of China, and the calcium aluminate can be used as pre-melted-slag in Steelmaking process.

Abstract: The crystallographic texture and grain size have a strong influence on the magnetic properties of FeSi alloys. These microstructural parameters are determined by the thermo-mechanical processing of the material. Here, some recent results on FeSi-alloys with variable Si-content and without phase transformation are presented. Hot rolling conditions were varied in broad interval of parameters and afterwards, the samples were cold rolled and annealed. After the different processing steps, the samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) in order to evaluate the texture, grain size and the homogeneity of the structure through the thickness. This allowed to study the evolution of the intensity of the favourable magnetic texture components during processing.

Abstract: In this work, Fe and Si powders were used to fabricate 6.5% Si silicon steel. The mixing powder was rolled into strip and then treated at 900°C in Ar. Sn was added into the mixing powder to investigate the effect of Sn on the sintering. The density, composition, and structure were examined. The results show that Fe almost does not react with Si at 900°C. But with the addition of Sn, Fe reacts with Si to produce Fe3Si at 900°C. Increasing the amount of Sn accelerates this reaction. When the amount of Sn addition is excessive, there will leave many pores in the alloy because the reaction rate is too fast to shrink. The proper amount of Sn addition can decrease the sintering temperature and shorten the sintering time.

Abstract: The microstructure of Fe-3 mass% Si alloys before secondary recrystallization has been characterized by analyzing precipitates and grain boundary segregated elements. The samples used were mainly sheets of Fe-3%Si alloys containing manganese, sulfur, aluminum, nitrogen and tin, which were decarburized and annealed up to secondary recrystallization. Grain boundary segregation in primarily recrystallized samples was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and precipitates were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). AES spectra showed that tin and nitrogen were enriched on grain boundaries in the Fe-3 mass% Si alloys. TEM/EDX analysis showed that the morphology and distribution of the fine precipitates such as manganese sulfide and aluminum nitride were influenced by addition of tin. The characteristic structure formed by secondary recrystallization of grain oriented silicon steel is considered to be influenced by the fine precipitates and segregation of a small amount of elements, as the abnormal motion of grain boundaries of the silicon steel was correlated with the precipitation and segregation of the alloying elements.

Abstract: Hardness of oxide scales on Fe-(0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0)Si alloys was studied at room temperature after oxidation at 1273 K for 18 ks in oxygen, and at 1073 and 1273 K for 180 and 1080 ks in dry air, by micro-Vickers hardness measurements. After oxidation at 1273 K for 18 ks, high-temperature hardness of oxide scales on Fe-(0, 1.5, 3.0)Si alloys was also measured at 1273 K. Oxide scales on Fe-Si alloys were mainly Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO and Fe2SiO4. Hardness of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO on Fe was 6.7, 4.0 and 3.5 (GPa), respectively, and hardness of Fe2O3 on Fe-Si alloys slightly increased with increasing silicon content at room temperature. At 1273 K, hardness of Fe3O4 and FeO on Fe was 0.08 and 0.05 (GPa), respectively, and hardness of Fe2O3 on Fe-1.5Si alloy was 0.32 (GPa), and that of Fe2O3 and Fe2SiO4 on Fe-3.0Si alloy was 0.53 and 0.63 (GPa), respectively.

Abstract: The present work is an attempt to understand the recrystallisation mechanisms in Fe-3% Si alloys used in transformer cores. After secondary recrystallisation silicon steels exhibit a Goss texture with a more or less important spread depending on the details of the processing route, namely, Conventional Grain Orientation CGO or High Permeability Hi-B. The mechanisms of Goss grain formation during hot rolling and primary recrystallisation, as well as those controlling the first steps of abnormal growth, are not yet well understood. The present work mainly deals with texture characterization of the hot rolled state. Surface, quarter and half thickness samples are prepared from hot-rolled sheet. Global and local textures are characterized by neutron diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction, respectively. The Orientation Distribution Functions and the volume fraction of the different texture components are calculated. The components from global texture measurements are (001)[1-10], (112)[1-10] (α fiber ), (011)[100] (Goss) and (111)[1-21] (111) [1-10](γ fiber). EBSD measurements have shown large variations of texture from the surface to the half thickness of the sheet. These local measurements are related to the global results by rotation about the transverse direction. Moreover, the grain size appears to be inhomogeneous.

Abstract: The chemical and physical interaction between Fe-Si alloys in the range 0-3.8 Si wt% and a molten Al-(Si 25wt%) alloy at 800 °C has been studied for different reaction times (from 0.1 to 200s) by hot dipping tests. Several intermetallic phases have been identified, Fe2Al5, τ1-Al3Fe3Si2, τ2-Al12Fe6Si5, τ3- Al2FeSi and τ4- Al3FeSi2, which already were reported in the literature dealing with the interaction between iron and molten Al-Si alloys. In addition an ordered phase Fe3Si (D03) appears in contact with the Fe-Si substrate. Diffusion reaction and solidification phenomena appear to be involved in the developing of the coating. The growth kinetic has been studied and diffusion appears as the step controlling the intermetallic compounds growth. Special attention was paid to the effect of the microstructure of the dipped sheet on the interaction with the molten alloy. The higher deformed structures react faster; this effect can be explained by the faster diffusion through high diffusivity paths like grain boundaries and dislocations.