Papers by Keyword: Gravitational Field

Abstract: An atomic-scale graded structure has been formed by sedimentation of substitutional atoms under an ultra-strong gravitational field of 1 million G level in alloys and compounds. In this study, we investigate the sedimentation of impurity atoms in semiconductor materials under a strong gravitational field. High-temperature ultracentrifuge experiments (0.59×106 G, 400°C, 60 hours) have been performed on an InSb single crystal wafer which surface was coated with Ge by means of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). It was observed that the penetration depth of diffused Ge atoms under the gravitational field was several times larger than under terrestrial field at the same temperatures.

Abstract: The atomic-scale graded structure of In-Pb alloy was formed by an ultracentrifuge under a gravitational field of 0.81 x 106 g for 100 hours at 150 °C in solid state. The isotope ratio measurements were performed on the centrifuged sample with secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS, CAMECA IMS-6f). 206Pb/208Pb and 207Pb/208Pb isotope ratio changed with negative gradient in the direction of centrifugal force approximately 1.5% and 0.8%, respectively. There was a tendency that the heavy 208Pb isotope abundance increased and the light 206Pb isotope abundance decreased in the direction of centrifugal force. Three-isotope diagram of 206Pb/208Pb versus 207Pb/208Pb proved that the isotope fractionation depends on the isotopic mass difference. These results showed that a strong gravitational field not only affected the inter-diffusion but also the self-diffusion in this alloy by causing isotope fractionation effect, which was dependent on the mass-difference.

Abstract: Ultra-strong gravitational field can induce sedimentation of even atoms in condensed matter. We had realized sedimentation of substitutional solute atoms in some miscible alloys. In this study, the ultra-centrifuge experiments were performed on an intermetallic compound of Bi-Pb system (Bi3Pb7) by changing time duration of experiment time (experimental conditions; maximum centrifugal force: 1.0x106g level, temperature: 130-150 °C, duration: 30-150h, state: solid). Composition changes were observed in the centrifuged samples. And, it was found that the Bi phase appeared from starting state of Bi3Pb7 around the weak gravitational field region of the sample. These results showed that sedimentation of substitutional solute atoms occurred, and induced the structure change in intermetallic compounds.