Papers by Keyword: High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

Abstract: In order to study the response of tungsten under high heat load, the nonlinear thermodynamic equations considering the phase transition were established to the tungsten target irradiated by intense pulsed ion beam. Also the equations which describe the thermal stress and the total strain produced by the changed temperature in the material element were built. Numerical method was used to solve the evolutions of the thermal stress field formed in the target, and spatial temporal evolutions of stress field in the tungsten target are obtained. While the ion current density reached 100A/cm2, the surface materials of tungsten target at the beam incident center was melted and then re-solidified due to the heat conduction after the end of a pulse. There exists the gradient of temperature in tungsten, therefore the thermal stress formed. Radial tensile stress is produced within the melting region, meanwhile outside the region compressive stress is formed; the boundary appears on the edge of the melting region. The stresses on the incidental surface of target are larger compared with the internal.

Abstract: HIPIB irradiation experiment is carried out at lower energy density of 0.55 J/cm2 with shot number from 1 to 10, and dry sliding wear behavior is investigated in order to explore the low energy-modification of magnesium alloy by HIPIB. It is found that HIPIB irradiation leads to the increase in surface hardness and therefore the improvement in wear resistance compared with the original sample. The improved wear resistance is mainly ascribed to the enhanced surface hardness induced by HIPIB irradiation.

Abstract: Surface treatment of hard nitride film with high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) was investigated in the present research. On considering the high energy density and short pulse duration of HIPIB source, a one-dimension physical model was built according to the structure feature of film-base sample. It was found that the irradiation of HIPIB lead to a very fast thermal recycle of heating rate 1011K/s and cooling rate up to 1010K/s. The highest temperature located at the surface of film irradiated. When using the HIPIB parameters of accelerating voltage 350kV, pulse duration 70ns and current density 60A/cm2, the surface layer of film would be melt with depth of about 0.35mm, that was verified by the experimental result along with the grain refinement effect due to the fast solidification process.

Abstract: HIPIB irradiation experiment is carried out at a specific ion current density of 1.1 J/cm2 with shot number from one to ten in order to explore the effect of shot number on electrochemical corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy. Surface morphologies, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the irradiated samples are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and potentiodynamic polarization technique, respectively. It is found that HIPIB irradiation leads to the increase in open circuit potential, corrosion potential and breakdown potential, and the decrease in the corrosion current density and the corrosion rate as compared to the original sample. The improved corrosion resistance is mainly attributed to the grain refinement and surface purification induced by HIPIB irradiation.

Abstract: High-temperature oxidation resistance of 7 wt.％Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) has been investigated in a cyclic oxidation condition at 1050 °C ×1 h. The ceramic coating of a tetragonal ZrO2 phase structure was prepared on GH33 superalloy substrates with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by using electron-beam physical-vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The ceramic coating is composed of columnar grains forming dense clusters spacing with several-μm gaps among grain clusters. The characteristics of the columnar grains disappeared after HIPIB irradiation at the ion current densities of 100-200 A/cm2, and the irradiated surface presented a smoothed, densified feature after the remelting and ablation due to the HIPIB irradiation. The thickness of the densified layer is about 1 μm. After oxidation with 15 cycles at 1050 °C ×1 h, the oxidation kinetics curves of the as-deposited and irradiated TBCs showed a parabolic shape. The weight gain of original sample is about 0.8-0.9 mg/cm2, while the values of the HIPIB-irradiated TBCs decreased to some extent. The lowest weight gain is obtained for the irradiated TBCs at 200 A/cm2 with one shot, being 0.3-0.4 mg/cm2, and those at 100 A/cm2 have a medium weight gain of 0.6-0.7 mg/cm2. The cross-sectional morphologies of HIPIB-irradiated TBCs show less oxidation of the NiCoCrAlY bonding layer, with a thinner thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer. The morphology observation is consistent with the results of cyclic oxidation test. It is found that the inward diffusion of oxygen through TBCs can be significantly impeded by the densified top layer by the HIPIB irradiation, thus limiting the oxidation of the bonding layer, improving the overall oxidation resistance of the irradiated TBCs.

Abstract: The microarc oxidation (MAO) films on AZ31 magnesium alloy were modified by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) at an ion current density of 200 A/cm2 with 1-5 shots. The modified MAO films presented a corrosion resistance superior to that of the original films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that a sealing layer was formed on the MAO films by HIPIB irradiation. The corrosion behaviors of the MAO films in 3.5 % NaCl solution were characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The noticeable improvement in the corrosion resistance of MAO films is attributed to the blocking effect of the sealing layer that hinders the process of electrolyte penetrating the MAO films to the magnesium alloy.

Abstract: High-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) irradiation at 300 A/cm2 with a shot number of 1, and 5 was performed on the coatings and caused the modification of properties. Porosity and rough surface of EB-PVD (Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition) deposited ZrO2-7%Y2O3 coatings with the thickness of 150 μm on heat-resistant steel have been characterized using the ultrasonic reflection coefficient phase spectrum. With increasing the shot number, the surface remelting and ablating filled gaps and caves between columns, and induced more uniform and compact structure. The ultrasonic measurement was investigated using immersion focusing pulse echo method with a 10 MHz transducer. The ultrasonic reflection coefficient related to frequency, velocity and attenuation coefficient were analyzed based on the acoustic transmission model in a multi-layered structure. For the as-deposited coating and coatings irradiated by HIPIB with the shot number of 1 and 5, the ultrasonic velocity changed from 2950 to 3170, and 3255 m/s respectively. The relationship between the attenuation coefficient and the frequency has been deduced based on the numerical fitting of the phase spectrum. The corresponded expressions are 1.35 α = 0.105 f , 1.2 α = 0.045 f and 1.14 α = 0.035 f , which displays that the attenuation coefficient decreases with the increasing of shot number. The ultrasonic results are in agreement with SEM observations, which have indicated that the coatings became denser and uniform with increasing the shot number. From the velocity and attenuation coefficient, the density, porosity, and microcracks of the coatings can be nondestructively evaluated utilizing the method of this paper.

Abstract: Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) fabricated by electron-beam physical-vapor deposition (EB-PVD) were irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) at an ion current density of 100 A/cm2 with a shot number of 1-10. Microstructural features of the irradiated EB-PVD TBCs were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. All the HIPIB-irradiated EB-PVD TBC surfaces present smooth and densified features. The originated intercolumnar channels growing out to the top-coat surface and nanometer-scale gaps inside each single column were sealed after the remelting of TBC surface induced by HIPIB, resulting in formation of a continuous remelted layer about 1-2 μm in thickness. The dense remelted layer can work as a barrier against the heat-flow and corrosive gases, and gives the possibility of improving thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance of the HIPIB irradiated EB-PVD TBC.