Papers by Keyword: Photoelectron

Abstract: Three and six LiTaO₃ single crystals are used to achieve continuous emission of high-intensity X-rays. Furthermore, the interaction between X-rays and the case of the X-ray source is used to generate electrons. X-rays were emitted continuously and fluctuations in the count rate were reduced when three or six crystals were used. Moreover, the X-ray intensity increased and the number of electrons generated by the above-mentioned interaction increased with increasing number of crystals.

Abstract: X-ray radiation using pyroelectric crystal is intermittent and the X-ray intensity is low and unstable compared with a conventional X-ray radiation method, such as X-ray tube. It is expected that the X-ray intensity becomes stable if electric field intensity and supply of electron are stable. In this study, to use X-ray radiation equipment as an electron source, tandem-type X-ray radiation equipment which is composed of two LiNbO3 single crystals polarized in a z-axis is proposed. When the temperature gradient for each crystal was the same, the X-ray intensity became approximately 6 times higher at a maximum. When the temperature gradient for each crystal was reversed, the period of X-ray radiation became approximately two times longer and the X-ray intensity became approximately 20 times higher at a maximum. Moreover, the stability of X-ray radiation for the repetition of temperature could be improved.

Abstract: This paper proposes a electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effect of Cu mesh patterns which were formed by a novel, low-cost, photodefined metal pattern using a bilayer thin film of amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hole-scavenger-containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Via UV-irradiation through a photomask on the bilayer film, the photodefined image of photoelectrons can be easily produced, resulting in selective palladium (Pd) catalyst deposition by reduction. In the bilayer thin film, the hole-scavenger-containing PVA layer scavenge the holes in the valence band of UV-irradiated TiO2 thin film, this retarding the recombination of the photoexcited electron-hole pairs for a few minutes. These long-surviving photoelectrons in the bilayer structure can reduce the Pd ions on only the photodefined region. Successive Ni electroless plating on Pd catalysts and Cu electroplating on an electroless plated pattern are possible. The electromagnetic interference shielding effects of selective nickel and copper mesh patterns were investigated.