Papers by Keyword: Tissue Culture

Abstract: Abstract. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), commonly grown in the hot arid zones predominantly in the Middle East and North Africa, became one of the highly important cultivated palms around the world, because of the multiple processing utilization of the edible fruit, and the various industry- uses of the whole tree parts. Moreover, there are intensive studies indicated the higher nutraceutical value of the essential biological compounds in the date palm tissues like (carotenoids, phenols, lignin, flavonoids, tannins and sterols) and their therapeutic aspects, such as antioxidants (lutein, β-carotene and vitamin A), antibacterial (syringic acid, vanillic acid and gallic acid), antifungal (tannic acid) and anti-cancer (quercetin) and anti-sterility (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol). Meanwhile, the biotechnology approach provides the production possibilities of the plants' secondary metabolites, using cell suspension cultures and the scale-up by bioreactors. Also, using the biotic and abiotic elicitors as important factors inducing bioactive compounds accumulation in plants tissue cultures. This review describes the progress in studying the in vitro production of some important secondary metabolites from the date palm tissues.

Abstract: Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, a common tissue culture media for orchids which is mostly supplemented with various natural organic substances with high nutritional values can accelerate the growth of plant tissues. Nevertheless, the knowledge of actual compositions of these natural added substances is limited, causing various culture results. In this study, we have investigated the effects of added natural organic nutrient ratios on 2 orchid tissue cultures, Dendrobium, Dendrobium farmeri Paxt. and Dendrobium griffithianum Lindl. Additionally, simple, affordable medium recipes, MS media supplemented with banana were thus economically sterilized by either a simple type steaming vapor boiler or an autoclave for reliability improvement. The results showed that the orchids grew better in medium supplemented with Namwa banana especially at 150 g/L for Dendrobium farmeri Paxt. and 75 g/L for Dendrobium griffithianum Lindl. The suitable steaming procedure at 100°C for 60 minutes was adequate for eliminating most pathogens from the media and helped both orchid seedlings cultivated very well. Moreover, the optimized homemade tissue culture protocol provides fast effectiveness, simplicity, consistently high nutritional values, and practically being suitable technique for ready transferring to the community.

Abstract: s. The cotyledons, Internodes, leaves and stems of sweet broad pea were studied on tissue culture. Research results show that: The ability of different explants for callus formation and adventitious bud differentiation in different culture medium is different. The callus formation rate and sprouting rate of Internodes is significantly higher than other explants, which is a ideal material for tissue culture. The callus formation rate of Internodes was 100% in MS +BA1.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L and MS+ 2, 4-D 0.5 mg/L; The bud differentiation is best at the medium of MS+ 6-BA 2 mg/L, which reached 86.7%; the rooting rate was 83.3% at the medium of MS+ NAA 3mg/L. The study provides a experimental basis for further study on the plant regeneration in the sweet broad pea.

Abstract: A new strategy of high concentration short duration treatment of benzyladenine (BA) for enhancing adventitious bud formation from hypocotyl explants were attempted in soybean. It was found that although a regeneration frequency higher than 50% could be achieved by using higher BA concentration, for the induction of possibly more buds while maintaining quality of the buds acceptable, the concentration of BA of 30 mg/l and the treatment duration of 20 min were adopted. Hypocotyls treated only the upper part with BA solution had higher regeneration ability than those treated completely, and hypocotyls geminated on BA free medium had higher regeneration frequency than those geminated on medium containing BA. With the optimized parameters, however, the isolating position on the seedlings for obtaining hypocotyl explants still highly influenced the regeneration efficiency. Three local popular cultivars were tested with little difference in the treating effects, suggesting the validity of this strategy for wider application.

Abstract: Miscanthus sacchariflorus is an important perennial bioenergy feedstock, but no information is available regarding plant rapid propagation from in vitro seed grown plantlets. The present study investigates the effects of the types and combination of plant growth regulators on tissue culture system of M. sacchariflorus. Shoot apices from in vitro germinated seedling explants were tested for adventitious shoot proliferation. The highest level of proliferation (proliferation coefficient 11.66) was obtained when shoot apices were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.05 mg L−1 α–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The highest root number (13.33) and root length (9.67 cm) were obtained when adventitious shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 NAA, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The efficient plant regeneration system developed here will be helpful for rapid propagation and further genetic improvement in M. sacchariflorus.

Abstract: Stephanie Kwangsiensis H. S. Lo and Salvia prionitis Hance were two rare and valuable Chinese herbs. Genetic diversity of the two plants were studied by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers after they were transplantation and tissue culture. Results indicated that Nei’s gene diversity (H), Shannon’s information index (I), the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of source / transplantation / tissue culture materials of S. Kwangsiensis H. S. Lo were H=0.282 / 0.195/ 0.056, I=0.415 / 0.290 / 0.087, PPL=75.6% / 56.1% /19.5% based on RAPDs and H=0.295 / 0.292 / 0.111, I=0.445 / 0.435 / 0.166, PPL=85.3% / 85.3% / 32.8% based ISSRs. And the same parameters of source / transplantation / tissue culture materials of S. prionitis Hance were H=0.193 / 0.192 / 0.231, I=0.291 / 0.289 /0.347, PPL=57.8% / 57.2% / 68.6% based on RAPDs and H=0.217 / 0.217 / 0.155, I=0.327 / 0.326 /0.235, and PPL=64.2% / 64.2% / 49.1% based on ISSRs instead. For the transplanted materials, genetic diversity was slightly declining with the disappearance of adversity. And for the tissue culture materials, more genets sampled for tissue culture, less reduction of genetic diversity; and fewer genets sampled, more reduction of genetic diversity. In addition, high genetic diversity appearing in tissue culture materials of S. prionitis Hance partially generate from somatic mutations. And these mutations maybe related to RAPD-PCR regions and just had been checked out by RAPDs.

Abstract: 2, 4-D and picloram were compared for their ability to the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Chinese cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars SC5, SC6, SC7 and SC8. In all four cultivars tested, both 2, 4-D and picloram had the capacity to induce primary somatic embryos from axillary buds. And the two hormones were also suitable for subculture of somatic embryos of three cultivars SC5, SC6 and SC8. However both 2, 4-D and picloram can not keep the activity of somatic embryos of cultivar SC7. For organogenesis, cotyledon matured for 10~15 days were better than others.

Abstract: In the experiment, Bergenla tianquanensis in Tianquan County of Sichuan Province is used as materials for tissue culture, The effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Activated carbon（AC）and gibberellin (GA₃) on Peroxidase (POD) Activities in the browning of bergenla leaves in the culture process was investigated and researched. The results showed that the inhibition effect of GA₃ on the browning of Bergenin was better than PVP and AC.

Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis was obtained by using immature zygotic embryos of S. pohuashanesis as explants and emblings were obtained. For induction of somatic embryos, immature zygotic embryos which 30 days old after pollination were cultured on solid MS medium with 1.0 mg•L^-1 NAA, 0.1 mg•L^-1 6-BA, 500 mg•L^-1casein hydrolysate (CH) and 40 g•L^-1 sucrose . Inducted somatic embryos were cultured in solid MS medium containing 500 mg•L^-1CH and 40 g•L^-1 sucrose. After 30 days of culture, many normal cotyledonary embryos were produced. Plantlets were regenerated when somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium with 30 g•L^-1 sucrose. The somatic embryos germinated at a germination frequency of approximately 80%, but rate of the plantlets that successfully acclimated and continued growing was 40% in the greenhouse.

Abstract: Alumina ceramics have excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties, but are bioinert and hence have no bone-bonding properties. We took a tissue engineering approach in an attempt to modify the ceramic surface and so provide an osteogenic/osteoconductive milieu. We used fresh human bone marrow cells obtained from the iliac crest by needle aspiration for culture expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) followed by in vitro osteogenic differentiation on both tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and alumina ceramics. We have succeeded in expanding the number of MSC from all 35 cases and compared the differentiation capability of selected MSC on alumina ceramics to that on TCPS. The cells on both substrata showed extensive alkaline phosphatase staining and mineralization as evidenced by calcein uptake. Biochemical analyses revealed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, and calcium content. These data indicate that an alumina ceramic surface can support a differentiation cascade of MSC resulting in osteoblastic phenotype expression of the cells. Based on these results, we have performed clinical applications of tissue engineered total joint replacements for osteoarthritic patients.