Papers by Keyword: e-Glass

Abstract: The primary purpose of the structural study on the 4.2-meter-long Jaloe Kayoh boat is to analyze the FEA of E-glass and ramie fiber composites, as well as the polyester resin. The hand lay-up method was used in this study to manufacture specimens following the ASTM D638-02 standard, while the tensile test was performed under the ASTM D790-02 standard. Based on the simulation results, the data analysis method was used to visualize the relationship between the stress and strain strength parameters on the structure, as well as a reaction force and displacement, which were related to the centralized loading on the walls and hull of the Jaloe Kayoh boat with a minimum loading variation of 539.3 N and a maximum loading variation of 2157.4 N. The maximum loading of the stress strength on the hull wall of Jaloe Kayoh was obtained at a load of 220 kg or 2157.4 N. The stress values obtained were 4.212e+09 N/mm2 for E-glass fiber and 3.998e+09 N/mm2 for ramie fiber. The highest Reaction Force values obtained were 4.369e+03 N for E-glass and 4.952e+03 N for ramie fiber. The highest displacement value was obtained, which was 2.620e-02 m for E-glass fiber and 2.662e-02 m for ramie fiber. Based on the simulation results, E-glass and ramie fibers are still safe and feasible to use as a base or initial layer, or one of the supporting layers, for lamination on one of the materials for the Jaloe Kayoh boat's walls and hull.

Abstract: Conventional steel springs have gradually been replaced with composite materials due to their inherit properties like high strength-to-weight ratio, relatively inexpensive ratio, and resistance against corrosion. Also, fiberglass reinforced plastic usages and its implementation is subjected in variety of fields such as vehicle and locomotive bogies, heavy commercial vehicles like vans and trucks. The current study looks at a composite material that can be used in the composite leaf spring suspension system. In this particular research, several blends of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have been used as the matrix material with the reinforcement of E-Glass fiber. The implemented combination blends are epoxy with polyurethane (EP), vinyl ester with polyurethane (VP) and epoxy and vinyl ester (EV). However, this research work also examines the characterisation and physical properties of the composite material leaf spring (CMLS) in narrow manner. Consecutively, tests were carried out for three types of composites by varying the various blend ratios of IPNs with the standard reinforcement of E-Glass fiber. Besides, to evaluate and compare their individual uniqueness, their physical characteristics tests like compression test, hardness test, tension and cyclic load parameters are found and their corresponding results were compared with each other.

Abstract: The effects of coupled internal pressure and external tension on corroded offshore pipe riser repaired with a designated laminate orientation of carbon/epoxy (C/E) and E-glass/epoxy (EG/E) fibre reinforced composite (FRC) was evaluated. The steel riser (API 5L X60) was characterised through Ramberg-Osgood model while input data of the composites were extracted from those used as benchmark for analysis in the first world-wide failure exercise (WWFE) [1, 2]. It was found that the C/E composite provides superiority over the EG/E and laminates with a dedicated orientation is capable of enhancing the performance of risers subjected to the coupled loadings.

Abstract: This paper examines the leaching patterns of pyruvic acid, and relates this to similar patterns of oxalic, glyoxylic and malonic acids in a further attempt to clarify the mechanism of the corrosion process. It appears that these acids selectively leach boron to a greater extent than other cations, and as boron is part of the E-glass matrix rather than just an interstitial ion, this would explain the means by which these relatively weak acids are able to corrode the glass fibres. It is well known that oxalic acid forms strong complexes with boron, and it is likely that other dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic acids with appropriately placed ligand groups (e.g. glyoxylic acid) will do likewise. This work presents a study of the rate of strength loss and the rate of leaching of cations from E-glass fibres with particular emphasis on boron.

Abstract: Both the static and dynamic corrosion tests of E-glass were used for different conditions - temperature, glass surface to solution volume ratio (S/V), solution flow rate (F) and F/S ratio. Results obtained for glass fibres were compared with the ones for glass grains and planar samples. Evaluation of experimental results by kinetic model shows that the change of glass surface should be taken into account in the case of fibres corrosion. The total incongruent process of dissolution could be explained as congruent dissolution of glass accompanied by back precipitation of SiO2 or silicates. In most cases, more then 90% of SiO2 precipitates back. The second possible explanation, i.e. SiO2 network dissolution accompanied by selective leaching of Ca, B and Al, is not very probable. The glass sample shape can influence the estimation of dissolution rate. Up to now, with existing kinetic models, the dissolution rates evaluated from experiments with different shapes of glass (fibres, grains, planar) cannot be used as materials properties.

Abstract: The mathematical model of the stress-strain curve of the strand of glass fibers was proposed and applied on the experimental data obtained for E glass fibers. The model reflects the lognormal continuous distribution of the unstrained lengths of glass fibers and the Weibull distribution of the fibers strength. The regression treatment of experimental data provided the statistically robust estimates of the parameters of the lognormal length distribution, of the Young modulus, and of the parameters of the Weibull glass fibers strength distribution. It was shown that neglecting of the continuous unstrained length distribution leads to serious errors in estimates of the fiber strength distribution.

Abstract: High temperature viscosity and density of glass melts, glass transition temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient of glasses from the system MgO-CaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 with composition close to the E-glass were measured and interpreted with respect to the effect of CaO and MgO content on their physical properties. The Andrade model was applied for description of the temperature dependence of the glass viscosity within studied temperature range. The regression formaulae describing the compositional dependence of the viscosity points T2 = T( η = 100 dPa.s), T3 = T( η = 1000 dPa.s), the glass transition temperature, Tg, thermal expansion coefficient of glass, αg , and of the viscous flow activation energy, Ea, were proposed.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the application of the transient techniques for thermophysical analysis of the structural changes in materials. The technique has been applied for study of equilibrium transitions as well as for kinetic transitions. A special methodology has been developed to study kinetic transitions like crystallization, melting, etc. in a “pseudo-equilibrium states” by the help of porous structures. The paper includes three different issues: the transient methods for measuring thermodynamic and transport parameters, data analysis and application of the pulse transient method for measurements of materials in thermodynamic equilibrium, pseudoequilibrium and in non-equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) states. Equilibrium transitions in CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 single crystals, kinetic transitions of freezing and thawing water in porous stones and non-equilibriums states in E-glass and Al2O3 ceramics during sintering have been studied.