Solid State Phenomena Vol. 115

Abstract: Mechanical spectroscopy and relaxation phenomena in solids are briefly discussed from the viewpoint of generalized susceptibility and linear response theory. Comparison of mechanical spectroscopy with other spectroscopic techniques is provided in the endeavour to formulate a multidisciplinary approach to selected relaxation phenomena in solids.

Abstract: The comparison between the classical methods and a new algorithm OMI used to compute the logarithmic decrement is reported. The OMI algorithm is tested in the computation of the logarithmic decrement from exponentially damped harmonic oscillations. The OMI algorithm yields high precision in the computation of the logarithmic decrement and the resonant frequency, and the smallest dispersion of experimental points.

Abstract: A list of monographs on internal friction, anelasticity, ultrasonic attenuation, relaxation phenomena in solids, and mechanical spectroscopy published in Soviet Union, Russia, and Ukraine is provided. A complete list of proceedings from international and Russian conferences is also given. This work is a valuable supplement to the Mechanical Spectroscopy - Suggested Reading Series.

Abstract: The use of mechanical spectroscopy to characterize the quasicrystalline state of solid matter is reviewed. After a general, chronological survey of existing mechanical spectroscopy studies, which include elastic properties as well as various relaxation phenomena between lowtemperature tunneling processes and high-temperature background damping, three subjects are considered in more detail: (i) the nature of intrinsic relaxation phenomena, including relaxation peaks in Al-Pd-Mn single quasicrystals, (ii) hydrogen-induced loss peaks in Zr/Ti-based quasicrystals and their use as a probe, and (iii) the study of nano-quasicrystalline structures and amorphousquasicrystalline transitions. It is shown that by combined studies of different elastic and anelastic phenomena, mechanical spectroscopy can be a valuable tool to obtain information about the nature and motion of defects, about the type of local atomic order, and about phase transformations and different processes leading to the formation of quasicrystalline order.

Abstract: The Snoek relaxation is associated with the redistribution of interstitial atoms in the bcc lattice under the application of the oscillatory stress. Addition of substitutional solutes introduces new peaks or broadening of the normal Snoek peak. The experimental and theoretical investigations of the effect are briefly reviewed.

Abstract: The H(D) atom’s interaction with one another, ‘heavy’ interstitial atoms (O, N, C), and substitutional atoms is analyzed on the basis of strain-induced (elastic) interaction. The interaction energies are calculated for bcc, fcc, and hcp metal solid solutions with regard to the discrete atomic structure of the host lattice. The elastic constants, Born-von Karman constants of the host lattice, and concentration expansion coefficients of the solid solution lattice due to solute atoms, are used as the parameters for numerical input. It is shown that the interaction is long-range, oscillating, and anisotropic. In all cases, the coordination shells of both types - with attraction and with repulsion - exist. The interaction energy dependence on the distance is due mainly to the crystal lattice type. The strain-induced interaction should be supplemented by repulsion in the nearest coordination shells for the case of interstitial-interstitial interaction and by chemical interaction in the case of H-substitutional interaction. Two examples are given for the use of the strain-induced interaction energies in calculations relaxation processes.

Abstract: The chemical diffusion coefficient (Dc) of hydrogen in the Ni30Ti50Cu20 shape memory alloy has been determined in the temperature range 700 - 1150 K by investigating the kinetics of H2 absorption. The mobility of H has also been deduced between 250 K and 280 K from a Snoek-type internal friction peak. The values of the Einstein diffusion coefficient (DE) derived from the relaxation time of this peak were in keeping with those of Dc obtained at low H contents (nH = H/Me < 0.01 ). The combined Arrhenius plot of DE and Dc gave the following values for the diffusion parameters: W = 0.52 ± 0.02 eV, D0 = (5±2)x10-4 cm2/s.

Abstract: It is shown that industrial high damping steels based on the Fe-Al metallic system are characterized by a very high level of internal dissipation of elastic energy. The specific damping capacity of industrial steels exceeds 40 % and their damping properties are close to those of highpurity damping alloys based on the Fe-Al system. Mechanical properties of damping steels are similar to those of conventional construction steels. High level of properties of damping steels can be explained by their specific crystalline and magnetic structure.

Abstract: The ultrasound pulse echo overlap method has been used to determine the elastic stiffness coefficients and the corresponding ultrasonic attenuation for a single crystal of the Ni40Ti50Cu10 alloy as a function of temperature. The elastic stiffness coefficients exhibit anomalies near the martensitic phase transition. In the shear stiffness coefficient, corresponding to C44 propagation mode in austenite, a large jump occurs from 36 GPa, above the transition, down to 15 GPa, below the transition. This jump is accompanied by a strong increase in the ultrasonic attenuation. The stiffness coefficients corresponding to C11 and C' = (C11 – C12)/2 modes in austenite show an anomaly at the phase transition, however, these are small effects compared to the one associated with C44 mode. The elastic behavior of this crystal has been characterised down to a temperature of 100 K.

Abstract: The Snoek-Köster (SK) relaxation and the dislocation-enhanced Snoek Effect (DESE) in deformed ultra-high purity Fe-C alloys and industrial low-carbon cold-rolled steel sheets as well as a quantitative comparison between experimental data and computer simulations have been presented.