Papers by Author: Hiroshi Okuda

Abstract: Anomalous small and wide angle scattering measurements on electron-beam welded joint has been carried out at Zr absorption edge. We preformed an anomalous and simultaneous small- and wide-angle scattering (A-SWAXS) analysis on the welded joint with and without crystallization. For the wide angle measurements, we extend the SAXS measurements up to 13 nm-1, where q is still below the first halo, but is large enough for several Bragg peaks to be observed. In the present analysis, the ASAXS analysis at the HAS/beads interface is interpreted in conjunction with the corresponding AWAXS analysis. The origin of SAXS and WAXS was found to be different.

Abstract: Influence of applied tensile and bending strains on the local and overall transport critical current Ic and n-value at 77 K of multifilamentary Bi2223-composite superconductor was studied, where the n-value refers to the sharpness of the transition from super- to normal conducting state. Under both tensile and bending strains, the damage such as transverse and longitudinal cracking of the Bi2223 filaments and interfacial debonding between the filament and silver progressed. The extent of damage and accordingly the critical current was different among the local portions. The relation of the local current and n-value to overall ones was analyzed with a voltage summation model, with which the experimental result was described well. Further analysis revealed that the distribution of local critical current could be described by the Weibull distribution function and n-value could be expressed as a function of critical current. Based on these results, a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to predict the overall critical current from the distribution of local critical current, with which the experimental results could be described.

Abstract: Small-angle scattering measurements utilizing anomalous dispersion effect just below the Zr and Ni K edge have been made for welded Zr-based amorphous materials. The measurements were carried out at a bending magnet beam-line 40B of SPring8. A small and parallel X-ray beam generated at the third generation synchrotron is suitable for nanostructure mapping of heterogeneous materials, whose structure varies with less than a millimeter scale. The remelted and heat-affected zones were examined for electron-beam welded Zr-Ni-Cu-Al alloys. Merits and the characteristics, as well as its present limitations of scanning small-angle scattering with a use of anomalous dispersion effect is discussed as a tool to examine microstructure in the spatially inhomogeneous materials in macroscopic scale as well as microscopic scale.

Abstract: It has been reported that SiC/SiC composite has high strength and toughness, but is degraded when exposed in air at high temperatures due to the propagation of the crack made by the premature fracture of the SiO2 layer. The present work aimed to describe such a behavior with a computer simulation. For this aim, the shear lag - Monte Carlo simulation method was applied. The variation of strength of the composite as a function of thickness of the SiO2 layer and change of fracture morphology with progressing oxidation could be reproduced satisfactorily by this method.

Abstract: Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GI-SAXS) technique was applied to self-assembled Ge islands capped with Si. GI-SAXS has a merit over TEM and AFM that the structure of islands buried in a cap layer for stabilization can be evaluated nondestructively. By analyzing the scattering patterns, the size of Ge islands was estimated to be about 5 nm in height and 26 nm in diameter, with the islands density of 4.2×1014/m2. From the best fitting of two-dimensional model intensity to the experiments, the shape of the islands was deduced

Abstract: The deformation and fracture behavior at 1773-2023K of the unidirectionally solidified eutectic Al2O3/YAG (Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet with the composition of Y3Al5O13) ceramic composite was investigated. The stress-stain curve and strength of unnotched and notched specimens, measured by bending and tensile tests, showed that (a) both unnotched and notched specimens fractured in a brittle manner at low temperatures and at high displacement speeds, but in a ductile manner at high temperatures and at low displacement speeds, and (b) the notched strength increased, reaching maximum, and decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing displacement speed. The increase in the notched strength with increasing temperature and decreasing displacement speed up to the maximum value was accounted for by the increase in plastic zone size ahead of the notch, and the decrease with further increasing temperature and decreasing displacement speed by the loss of the stress carrying capacity of the yielded ligament, based on the finite element analysis.

Abstract: A Monte Carlo simulation using semi grand canonical ensemble method was applied to examine the condition that precipitation free zone (PFZ) appears in an Al-based composite materials under two step aging. The present simulation uses a fcc lattice with a periodic boundary condition for y and z directions, and a grain boundary existing at the end for x direction. A simple grain boundary segregation case gave a nealy parabolic growth law in PFZ width and the volume fraction of precipitates. Different origin of PFZ, namely, mobility or chemical potential, lead to the opposite effect upon secondary heat treatment.

Abstract: Bending behavior of Bi2223/Ag superconducting composite tapes, and the influence of the bending damages on critical superconducting current Ic and n-value that is a measure for the sharpness of the transition from super- to normal conduction, were studied. Following damages, responsible to the reduction in critical current at high bending strains, were observed. (i) Transverse and (ii) longitudinal crackings of the filaments, (iii) interfacial debonding between filaments and silver, and (iv) buckling in compression side. The damage of the filaments arose first locally, resulting in a reduction of the Ic and n-value in the corresponding local portion. The overall Ic and n-values were determined by such a local portion. With increasing strain, the damage of the other portions arose successively, resulting in loss of superconductivity in all portions.

Abstract: The compressive fracture and spalling of multiply-cracked brittle coating layer on metal substrate under tensile stress was studied for the anodic-oxidized aluminum wire with the Al2O3 coating layer and galvannealed IF steel plate with the intermetallic compound coating layer consisting of ζ, δ1 and Γ1 and Γ phases. The thin Al2O3 coating layer on Al wire was fractured by buckling in the circumferential direction by the compressive hoop stress, but thick layer was debonded by the tensile radial stress at interface. The thickness of the coating layer at the transition from the compressive fracture to interfacial debonding was around 30 µm. In the galvannealed steel plate sample, the (ζ+δ1) phases were fractured by buckling in the width direction, resulting spalling of the (ζ+δ1) phases in the first stage, and the remained (δ1+Γ1+ Γ) phases or (Γ1+Γ) phase was again fractured by buckling, followed by the spalling of the remained phase.