Papers by Keyword: Twin

Abstract: The influence of initial texture on the formation of primary twin system of AZ31 Magnesium rolled plate was investigated in this work. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out on samples cut along the rolling direction (RD) and normal direction (ND) of rolled AZ31 Mg plate at various temperatures (RT, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450°C) with the fixed strain rate (0.01s-1). The results showed that the primary twinning system of AZ31 Mg alloy (c-axis extension twin) occurred actively in the RD compression specimens, which promoted homogeneous deformation as compared to the ND compression specimens. The effect of temperature on the formation of deformation twins was also investigated, and slip/twin transition temperature was found to be 250°C.

Abstract: The AZ31 Mg alloy was upseted from 250°C to 500°C. In optical microscopy, as the temperature increases, the volume fraction of deformation twin will reduce to a minium and vanish. Simultaneously, some small dynamically recrystallized grains were observed at the boundaries of origin grains and twins. When temperatures rise from 350°C to 500°C , the volume fraction and size of DRX grains increases .By the compression test of the upsetting proof samples, the compressive strength reach a maxium, and reduce during further rising temperatures.

Abstract: Basal slip and tension twinning are dominant deformation mechanisms of polycrystalline magnesium at low temperature. However, fracture originates mainly from compression twins or shear bands developed from compression twins. This work compared firstly the morphological difference of two types of twins. Then, the dependence of different deformation mechanisms on initial orientations is computed by Schmid factor analysis and compared with measured matrix orientations of twins. Finally, orientation relationships of compression twins with matrices are determined using EBSD technique and compared with theoretical value.

Abstract: The cold-compressed AZ31 magnesium alloys with different (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) were annealed at different temperatures (573, 623 and 673K) for different time. With aid of the optical microscopy, and microhardness tester, the microstructural evolution during annealing at different temperature of the compressed AZ31 has been investigated. The microstructural characterized results were further related to the hardness test results and the calculated activation energy. The results showed that for the compressed AZ31, the recrystallization can occur on the samples with the strain just above 10% and the deformation twinning plays an important role on the nucleation and grain growth of the recrystallization. It was found that the twinning boundary was the location of the recrystallization nuclei and a lot of recrystallized grains with equiaxed shape were found along the twinning boundaries. The relationships among the nuclei orientations and the crystallographic orientations on both sides of the twining boundary have been statistically investigated. The effects of the compressed strain and the annealing temperature on annealing behavior were also discussed based on the experimental results.

Abstract: Grain boundary self-diffusion in both the cast and the cold-rolled Puratronic 4N5 nickel was studied in the temperature range from 600 °C to 1000 °C. The experiments were carried out with the samples pre-annealed at 1100 °C in comparison to the samples pre-annealed at intended individual diffusion temperatures. The relative grain orientation was analyzed on the same samples by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and grain boundaries (GBs) were characterized in terms of the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model. Considering the non-linear Arrhenius temperature dependencies obtained for most specimens by using conventional method of profile evaluation in the B-type kinetics and the appearance of two high-diffusivity paths in diffusion profiles measured, a more suitable BB-type and AB-type diffusion models were applied for data evaluation.

Abstract: Effect of chemical composition was investigated on martensitic transformation temperatures, Curie temperature, magnetization and microstructures for Ni-(Mn, Fe, Co)-Ga and Cu-Mn-Ga systems. In the Ni-(Mn, Fe, Co)-Ga alloys, which is a modification of Ni-Mn-Ga systems, the Af and TC over 400 K were achieved. Cu-Mn-Ga alloy exhibited shape memory effect at temperatures above 373 K and had TC over 400 K. Furthermore, Cu-Mn-Ga exhibits good ductility even in polycrystalline condition unlike the case of Ni-Mn-Ga. Effect of addition of the fourth element to improve the magnetic property is under investigation.

Abstract: An In Situ observation was made on rolled sheet Mg-Al-Zn alloy (AZ31) in SEM. A type of mini-tensile specimens was used in three typical material orientations, RD (Rolling direction), 45 (45 degrees to rolling direction) and TD (transverse direction, 90 degrees to rolling direction). It is found that the plastic deformation occurred unevenly and limited in single grains, shown by micro extruding steps at grain boundaries. Further deformation concentrated at twinning bands and grain boundaries, more and finer twinning bands appeared as secondary twins on the original ones. In different orientations the dislocation slipping mechanism within twinning bands seems to play a role in different degrees. In RD specimens the slipping mechanism seems predominant, whereas in TD specimens the twinned steps were obvious. Micro cracks nucleated at internal interfaces: grain boundaries, interfaces of twinning bands, and intersections of twinning bands as well.

Abstract: Grain refinement taking place in a magnesium alloy AZ31 was studied in a single- and multi-directional compression at a temperature of 573K. The structural changes observed by SEM/EBSD analysis can be characterized by the evolution of many mutually crossing kink bands at low strains, continuous increase in their number and misorientation angle in moderate strain and finally full formation of a fine-grained structure in high strain. The characteristics of new grain evolution process are sensitively affected by initial grain size (D0) and strain path. New grains are developed faster with decrease in D0. Multi-directional compression accelerates the evolution of fine grains and the improvement of plastic workability. The mechanism of new grain formation is discussed in detail.

Abstract: Twinned WC grains are sometimes observed in WC powder and sintered WC-Co alloys. The present investigation has studied the formation of twinned WC grains during carburization of an Eta phase. Eta grains were carburized at 700-1450°C for 1 min to 9 h. Twinned WC grains formed during the carburization. Crystallographic characterization of the formed twins were made using SEM and TEM. The formation of twins was found to be affected by the carbon activity during carburization. The twins formed under high carbon activities while no twins formed under low carbon activities. Two kinds of twins with different orientations were observed. The present experimental observation suggests that the twins formed via 2-dimensional nucleation and layer-bylayer growth on small WC clusters under high supersaturation and high driving force for the growth of WC grains.