Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1057

Abstract: Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. To achieve this, it is necessary to have processed a detailed design of buildings. Thermal bridges have to be eliminated in the design of buildings. Thermal bridges occur as point ones or linear. One of the specific details that create thermal leakage is located in balcony slabs. The balcony is one of the main reasons of the increased heat loss of buildings. The presence of thermal bridge in constructions of balcony envelopes influences the energy consumption, durability of the building envelopes, and also the thermal comfort of occupants. This paper is focused on advanced analysis of thermal performance of thermal break element applied in balcony slab with parametric correlation to the thermal properties of wall building envelope.

Abstract: Nowadays, the architects often design interesting atypical structures or the set of the structures. In these cases, it is important to consider also the wind effects and their correct values (wind load). Recommended values in Eurocode cannot be used in many times, because of difficult shapes of the structures, their large heights, or surrounding structures. Therefore, detailed analyses of wind effects either on designed structure or the pedestrians walking near the structure have to be done. The results can be used for better and more saving design, or more appropriate arrangement of planned structures. The analyses can be done by numerical methods (computing programs) or by experimental measurements in wind tunnels or by the combination of the both.

Abstract: This article deals with the problems of wind-driven rain (WDR) measurements. Wind-driven rain is one of the biggest moisture source and can affect hygrothermal properties and durability of the building facades. The WDR gauge design is still not standardized. Two types of WDR gauges were compared during three months in the summer 2013. The gauges were placed on the array of low-rise cubic building models located in Dübendorf, Switzerland. This comparison shows different approach to its construction and deals with the measurement errors.

Abstract: Wind loads on buildings are evaluated by using codes and standards. They are based on wind tunnel tests, which are performed on an isolated model in open exposure. Measurements by several researchers have shown that wind loads on real objects are considerably different than those on an isolated building. Structures around building decrease or increase the forces on building. This effect is termed interference. Interference includes geometry, layout and orientation of surrounding objects. Further aspects are direction of the wind and terrain conditions. For this reason it is necessary to evaluate interference before planning. The aim of the article is to overview the recent research, comparison between an isolated building and a group of buildings, to name the interference parameters and explain how they modify the forces on building. Also attempt to provide general recommendations for elementary models because this problem has large number of variations, especially for complicated models where it is necessary to evaluate the specific type of building. These recommendations should be used by designers and planners of the buildings.

Abstract: Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for under pressure controlled ventilation system. The paper discusses laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for high-rise residential building in their development cycle. Boundary conditions of physical designing of envelope structures for load of wind-driven rain and their modifications for high-rise building in the locality of Bratislava. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – maintaining water impermeability of air inlet openings of the ventilation system under the effect of wind-driven rain – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber, its results and necessary construction modifications of elements of ventilation units. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of volume of air flow rate through ventilation units in dependence to air pressure difference - laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of index of air impermeability of controlled ventilation system in open and closed position - laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.

Abstract: The rapid development of computer technology, especially computer performance, enabled significant development of CFD simulations. Nowadays advanced computer technology, have CFD simulations in the construction sector irreplaceable position in determining the impact of wind on buildings and people. In comparison to the measurements in wind tunnels, represent much faster and cheaper method with comparable results. Presented paper deals with identifying and assessing the impact of floor plan and building height of nine different pairs of highrise buildings on pedestrian wind comfort and safety in their immediate surroundings. For simulation was selected computer program OpenFOAM. The results of simulations for all of nine cases were compared and evaluated according to the requirements of the Dutch standard NEN 8100:2006.

Abstract: Tall slab-shaped building of north-south orientation. Narrow cavity double-skin transparent façade. South (S) external wall with application of double-skin transparent façade. North (N) external wall with application of conventional transparent façade. Energy regime of narrow cavity double-skin transparent façade in summer. Function of double-skin transparent façade and its impact on the energy regime of internal climate of adjacent spaces. In-situ experiment and its documentation.

Abstract: Simulation program ANSYS. For mathematical description of fluid flow (air, liquid), mathematic variation methods are used represented by the two most significant ones: Finite Element Method (FEM) and Volume Element Method (VEM). The fluid flow problem is defined by three laws: conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, conservation of energy. Geometrical parameters of element FLUID 141. Aerodynamic mode of double skin façade. Simulation model for inlet and outlet channel of double skin façade. To estimate aerodynamic entrances for inlet and outlet channel of the intermediate space for double skin facades. Aerodynamic and geometrical boundary conditions of the model. Simplified modelling of net for insect with support of real constant.

Abstract: It is possible to use a water curtain to preclude a house fire spreading. Water curtains are designed pursuant to theoretical calculations. Experiments were prepared and realised with a goal to determine the radiant heat flux intensity reduction of fire passing through a water curtain in VŠB, TU – Ostrava.

Abstract: During renovations of listed buildings there are changes in the use of individual spaces and therefore there is a need to solve the fire safety of the building according to valid standards and legislative requirements. As part of the fire safety of building it is necessary to prove the required fire resistance of its individual constructions. This article deals with fire resistance of structures of listed buildings with detailed focus on the design of constructions of additionally reinforced vaults.