The present publication arises as a result of the cooperation between the Institute of Production Technologies (IPT), belonging to the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology (MTF) of the Slovak University of Technology (STU) and TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS INC. For the fifth time, the book aims at publishing scientific achievements on the Materials Science and Production Technologies fields, as well as at enhancing the worldwide cooperation and recognition among young and senior academicians and/or practitioners. Some of the main topics included in the book are those related but not limited to the trends in Materials Science and their application in industry, e.g.: composites and biomaterials, polymers, materials weldability, analysis of metals and alloys, numerical analyses and simulation of materials, etc. Most of these topics keeps a direct relation to the production technologies and systems and thus, always keeping a special focus on the materials used, there are also topics in the book addressing key production processes, technologies and systems.