Advanced Materials Research Vols. 622-623

Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the picture of low carbon scenario focusing on Thailand power sector. Impact of related key factors on the emitted greenhouse gases have been evaluated quantitatively, e.g. economic and industrial restructuring, building code upgrading, and fuel switching for power generation. The reference scenario is initially created on the basis of the existing national plan. An alternative scenario of low carbon growth with the additional mitigation options have been comparatively simulated. The results indicate that the existing plan may not lead to the concept of low carbon growth. The proposed mitigation option in the LCS scenario is resulting in the saturated level of greenhouse gases emission in power sector. The emitted GHG can be possibly delinked apart from the growing of economic activities in the emerging country like Thailand.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to establish and manage the study group of Thailand and conduct the research activities and create the possible scenario stories of Thailand under the global trend of carbon reduction. The goal of "Balance of Economic, Environment, Energy and Social development (3E&1S) for Low Carbon Societies (LCS)” has been set to be the key decision focus of this study. The tool to handle this future issue is the scenario planning method. This approach is widely applied for exploring the different possible future prospective. Outcome of scenario creation is derived by the brainstorming process from key stakeholders. With the obtained information, the possible scenarios will be determined and can be used as a guideline for policy planning and long-term preparation for economic, environmental, energy and social development of Thailand.

Abstract: In this paper Preisach Model is applied to obtain a mathematical model of the hysteresis in lithium battery. Preisach Model allows to describe the hysteresis of charging and discharging cycles in a lithium battery. The identification of the model is obtained by using a neural network technique developed for magnetic systems. The model is verified on some experimental tests on commercial batteries.

Abstract: Electricity is a pre-requisite for technological progress and economy growth. Thailand has been facing an electric energy crisis in inadequate electricity generation capacity compared with the demand. It is essential to replace the conventional energy (e.g. fossil fuels) and electricity import with renewable energy resources, particularly biogas that can be play a major role to meet the electricity demand. This paper explores the current state of biogas energy potential from livestock manures in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand. The results show a potential of electricity produced from animal manures of cattle, buffalo, swine and poultry. The total annual recoverable rates of livestock manures and biogas yield in Nakhonratchasima Province are 431.334 Mtonne of dry matter and 119,631 Mm3, respectively. In energy terms, the annual amount of the recoverable biogas resources is equivalent to 2,691.691 PJ or 748 TWh. This total amount of available biogas energy potential can meet anticipated electricity demand. Therefore, the assessment of biogas energy resources will make a significant utilization of energy management in the future.

Abstract: The importance of renewable energy has led to the preliminary development of a technology that converts wave energy to electric energy. Therefore in this research, we propose a novel generation system that is composed of a linear generator inside a buoy. It converts wave energy into electric energy. We expect that the proposed system can generate sufficient power in a relatively small wave energy area where WRPS is operated. Furthermore, we analyze the vibration characteristics of two degrees of freedom linear generator in the proposed generation system by vibration analysis. At same time, we design and analyze the linear generator by using a commercial electromagnetic analysis software named MAXWELL.

Abstract: Wind characteristic at a site is one of the most important parameters for wind energy development projects. Statistical analysis on wind data will reveal the quantity and quality of wind energy at a site. In the present study, wind data for Nosrat Abad at Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran, has been statistically analyzed to determine the potential of wind for power generation. The wind speed data for 2007 has been gathered at three heights, i.e. 10 m, 30 m and 40 m. Mean wind speed, wind speed distribution function, and mean wind power density have been evaluated for the site. The magnitude of Power density at 40 m height is estimated at 170 W/m¬¬¬2 which is suitable for water pumping and battery charging.

Abstract: The flow field of a lab-scale model gas turbine swirl burner was characterised using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) at atmospheric condition. The swirl burner consists of an axial swirler, a twin-fluid atomizer and a quartz tube as combustor wall. The main non-reacting swirling air flow without spray was compared to swirl flow with spray under unconfined and enclosed conditions. The introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the flow field of the main swirling air flow at the burner outlet where the radial velocity components are enhanced. Under reacting conditions, the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of the radial velocity. Comparison of the flow fields with a spray flame using diesel and palm biodiesel shows very similar flow fields. The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl flame modelling.

Abstract: In this research, the effect of steam on synthetic fuel production from sawdust in new-designed dual-bed gasification was studied. The dual-bed gasification reactor composed of bubbling/fast fluidized bed combustor and fixed bed gasifier (pyrolysis included) was designed to produce syngas (CO + H2 + CO₂ and CH₄). The results showed that syngas produced by the dual-bed gasifier with higher steam/carbon ratio also had higher H₂ content. In theory, the various reactions expected to occur in the gasification process were boudouard, water-gas and water-gas shift, methanation and steam reforming. Since the operating temperature was only 500-600°C that the steam reformation of methane was desperately to occur due to its endothermic, then CH₄ formation still were found. Producer gas from the new gasifier had relatively high quality in terms of heating value per a unit volume compared to other conventional gasifiers. This can be used directly as good gaseous fuel. However, the product gas was not likely served as precursor in chemical industries due to its still low H₂/CO ratio and high CH₄ concentration.

Abstract: In the current century environment and energy are the two most vital issues in human’s life. In this work, an optimization in consumed energy of a Water Conveyance System (WCS) is considered. There is a case study of a WCS in Iran named Tikan-Tappe Water Conveyance System. The mentioned WCS has been reformed by some changes in order to achieve the best operational situation. The goal of this research was stated on finding a way to reduce the electricity consumption and electricity cost of the system. The layout of system has been altered and simultaneously the electricity generation has been considered. As a result the water energy in the system has been created. In fact an energy conversion occurred and the kinematic energy of water converted to electricity by employing a turbine. In addition to these changes, the operational time of the system has been revised based on the electricity tariffs of the region. Total electricity cost of the Tikan-Tappe WCS has been reduced by around 23%. Furthermore, because of using a clean energy source, the presented solution is an effective environmentally-friendly solution.

Abstract: The main objective of this research was to study drying kinetics of air dried sheet (ADS) rubber using hot air and simulated drying kinetics by empirical model compared to experimental results. The 10-15 fresh rubber sheet with initial moisture content ranging of 23-40% dry-basis was dried by temperature of 40-70°C and air flow rate of 0.7 m/s. The fresh rubber sheet samples were dried until the desired final moisture content reached to 0.15% dry-basis. The experimental results showed that the drying rate of ADS rubber dried with hot air convection was faster than conventional natural air convection and drying rate was related to drying temperature. The experimental data was statistical non-linear regression analyzed by using 10 conventional empirical models. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were used as the criteria for selecting the best equation to describe the experimental data The results showed that the calculated results of Verma et al.’ model had a good relation to the experimental results. For specific energy evaluation, the results showed that at high drying temperature specific energy consumption of ADS rubber was relatively low compared to drying with low temperature. Finally, the determination of physical quality showed that.