Materials Science Forum Vol. 1143

Abstract: After common salt crystallizes in salt pans, bittern is obtained as a waste mother liquor. This investigation focused on extracting valuable chemicals from toxic and unavoidable waste, specifically bittern. Samples were collected from various sources including sea bittern, subsoil bittern, and backwater bittern. The goal was to recover by-products such as potassium chloride and glaserite using established procedures. An evaluation was conducted to determine both the amount and the level of excellence of the compounds that were retrieved. The test results clearly demonstrated that the potassium chloride and glaserite obtained from sea bittern were of superior quality compared to those extracted from subsoil and backwater bittern. The recovered fertilizers from different bittern samples were applied to promote the growth of amaranthus tender red and green color plants, respectively. The plants were treated with three different fertilizer dosages: 0 grams, 10 grams, and 20 grams. Growth features of the plants, including plant height, stem width, total number of leaves, and maximum leaf width, were measured every 15 days for a total of 45 days. The test findings showed that the potassium chloride and glaserite derived from bittern were enriched with nutrients and had a positive impact on soil fertility. The consumption of different nutrients by amaranthus plants was further confirmed through ash sample analysis. The study determined that, extracting valuable compounds from sea bittern samples resulted in greater plant growth compared to the other two bittern samples. Thus, using residual bittern as fertilizer, boosts salt workers' economies and reduces bittern's toxicity.

Abstract: L-asparagine and potassium chloride were used in a 2:1 ratio for the production of L-asparagine-based crystals such as L-asparagine admixture with potassium chloride (LAPC) utilizing deionized water as the solvent. The same process was used to synthesize L-asparagine admixtured with Glycine (LAG). To grow these crystals, the synthesized salts of its were used. The samples' saturated solutions were made separately, stirred vigorously for two hours, and then filtered separately. The solutions went through a slow evaporation process. Powder XRD studies reveals the various peaks present in the crystals. FTIR analysis provides the numerous functional groups connected to the produced crystals. The generated crystals are transmittable, according to studies of the UV-VIS spectrum. The mechanical behavior such the crystals belong to hard or soft category was also discussed.

Abstract: In this study friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to refine the microstructure of thick AZ31D magnesium (Mg) alloy, followed by evaluation of its microstructure and corrosion behavior in a NaCl environment. The application of a tapered threaded pin profile resulted in enhanced material mixing, significant grain refinement and reduced defect formation due to minimal heat input and minimized thermal gradients across the stir zone (SZ). The SZ, dominated by the pin profile, exhibited a fine, equiaxed, and uniform grain structure throughout its thickness the average grain size reduced from 13.8 µm to 5.19 µm after second pass of FSP confirmed through field-emission scanning election microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. This structural refinement significantly enhanced the corrosion performance of the FSPed alloys, as compared to the base material (BM), demonstrated by electrochemical testing in 3.5% NaCl solution. The FSPed alloy surface showed uniform corrosion behavior, instead of intergranular corrosion with deep mud cracking patterns observed in the BM. This improved corrosion resistance was due to the uniformity of the produced microstructure via FSP, which reduced localised corrosion sites. These findings suggest that FSP is a promising technique for improving the durability of Mg alloys in corrosive environments, potentially benefiting applications in the automotive and aerospace industries.